This note presents a numerical algorithm to solve a class of multi-point boundary value problems (MBVPs). Compared to conventional multiple shooting, the proposed method uses less parameters to exploit advantages of single shooting approaches. Unknown parameters are updated by a two-step algorithm which improves the convergence of parameters over existing one-step algorithm. The main idea of th...

the letter of credit as a method of smoothing international payment is a conditional security and obligation to pay the customer bank (issuing bank) to seller (applicant). for this purpose, the letters of credit may be considered as the most usual method of payment of goods price in international trade. the classic form of letters of credit is the commercial letters of credit whose financial ob...

This paper develops a unified framework for examining international payment patterns. Using an open-economy search model with competing monetary assets, I show how information costs and government transaction policies interact to produce a structure of world payments reminiscent with what is observed in practice. Agents’ decision to acquire information shapes exchange patterns by affecting a cu...

This paper is an extended abstract of a work in progress, which proposes latent Dirichlet reallocation (LDR), a probabilistic model for text data from different dialects over a shared vocabulary. LDR first uses a topic model to allocate word probabilities to vocabulary terms; it then uses a subtopic model to allow for a possible reallocation of probability between a few potentially swappable te...

Many e-commerce transactions via e-payment systems is carried out. The aim of this study is that the theory of structures, an empirical analysis about the importance and ranking key factors that may be on customer satisfaction in electronic payment systems affect the Iranian banks.9 specific topics of the factors in e-payment systems, customer satisfaction and affect are more key, were selected...

We propose a hybrid auction mechanism for sponsored search, where bidders can be truthful or not, and are accordingly treated differently. Our class of hybrid mechanisms give incentives for non-truthful bidders to bid truthfully, while behaving as a non-truthful auction if no bidders are truthful. Our motivation is that the Generalized Second Price (GSP) auction (the current mechanism of choice...

Health care information technology is changing rapidly and dramatically. A small but growing number of clinicians, especially those in staff and group model HMOs and hospital-affiliated practices, are automating their patient medical records in response to pressure to improve quality and reduce costs. Computerized patient record systems in HMOs track risks, diagnoses, patterns of care, and outc...

Payment card rewards programs have become increasingly popular in the United States. Nearly all large credit card issuers offer rewards to customers for using their cards, as do more than a third of depository institutions for using debit cards. Recent surveys suggest that many consumers now receive rewards. And rewards are becoming more generous and diversified, ranging from 5 percent cash-bac...