ABSTRACT Background: Coherent scattering leads to diffraction effects and especially constructive interferences. Theseinterferences carry some information about the molecular structure of the tissue. As breast cancer isthe most widespread cancer in women, this project evaluated the application of small angleX-ray scattering (SAXS) for differentiation between normal and cancerous breast tissues....

We report a 75dB, 2.8μW, 100Hz-10kHz envelope detector in a 1.5μm 2.8V CMOS technology. The envelope detector performs input-dc-insensitive voltage-to-currentconverting rectification followed by novel nanopower current-mode peak detection. The use of a subthreshold widelinear-range transconductor (WLR OTA) allows greater than 1.7Vpp input voltage swings. We show theoretically that this optimal ...

The terahertz region (1-10 THz) has potential applications in many areas, such as chemical sensing, medical imaging and free-space optical communications. With the demonstration of terahertz sources, it is quite necessary to develop the detection technology in terahertz. Here we propose an electrically tunable quantum dot infrared photodetector to detect the terahertz region. The proposed detec...

A new powder diffractometer operating in transmission mode is described. It can work as a rapid very compact instrument or as a high-resolution instrument, and the sample preparation is simplified. The incident beam optics create pure Cu Kα1 radiation, giving rise to peak widths of ∼0.1° in 2θ in compact form with a sample-to-detector minimum radius of 55 mm, reducing to peak widths of <0.05° i...

Measurements of the energy resolution and the peak-to-background ratio of a Silicon Drift Detector at several positions and biasing voltages are performed. The origins of events with partial charge collection, which contribute to the background, are identified. A model describing the different mechanisms and the spatial distribution of partial events is developed. By optimizing the biasing volt...

This paper decribes a novel method for detecting nonstationary signals in colored noise. A first order complex autoregressive, or AR(l), signal model is used which restricts the application of the detector to low order signals, i.e., those which are well modeled by a low order AR process and have only a single spectral peak. The detector assumes the noise covariance is stationary and known. The...

Simulation is a simple method that allows for facile estimation of a detector response function when the specifications of the investigated sample and the sample-detector geometry are known. In this study, the dependence of the full-energy peak efficiency on the sample and detector specifications was studied via analytical techniques and the Monte Carlo approach in the energy range of 150e2000 ...

We present a Built-In-Current-Sensor (BICS) based on monitoring the supply current peak of CMOS opamps using the oscillation-test-strategy. The BICS takes a weighed sample of the current through each opamp current branch and monitors the peak value under oscillation. An envelope detector and additional digital circuitry is used to provide a pass/fail flag. Simulation results demonstrate a high ...

We describe a liquid-chromatographic method for the simultaneous quantification of carbamazepine and its 10,11-epoxide metabolite in plasma. The method is used routinely in the analysis of carbamazepine and its epoxide in 0.5 mL of plasma at concentrations of 1 to 20 and 0.2 to 5 mg/L, respectively. The use of peak-height ratios as a measure of detector response appeared to provide better preci...

We consider a two-level quantum system ~qubit! which is continuously measured by a detector, and calculate the spectral density of the detector output. In the weakly coupled case the spectrum exhibits a moderate peak at the frequency of quantum ~Rabi! oscillations and a Lorentzian-shape increase of the detector noise at low frequency. As the coupling increases, the spectrum transforms into a si...