Ductile cast iron is preferred as nodular iron or spheroidal graphite iron. Ductile cast iron contains graphite in form of discrete nodules and matrix of ferrite and perlite. In order to determine the mechanical properties, one needs to determine volume of phases in matrix and nodularity in the microstructure of metal sample. Manual methods available for this, are time consuming and accuracy de...

This work presents a three dimensional microstructural analysis of medium carbon steels, based on serial sectioning using optical microscopy. The microstructural phases considered here are ferrite and pearlite. Typically conventional 2D microscopy is used to analyze these phases, with eddy current or ultrasonic methods as alternatives. Medium carbon steel samples were heat treated in a furnace ...

This article focuses on the analysis of evolution inclusions present in eutectoid pearlitic steel subjected to a real cold drawing process. To this end, wires belonging different stages manufacture chain were studied, starting from an initial hot rolled bar (not drawn at all). In addition information obtained through visual inspection, quantitative microdefects generated by these was carried ou...

The formation of White Etching Layers (WELs) in rails can lead to the initiation microcracks, thus reducing service time rails. However, WEL mechanism is not yet understood. Brown (BELs) are intermediate microstructure located between parent pearlite and WEL. In this work, we use BELs as a microstructural tracer understand early stages formation. We study mechanisms an industrial R350HT rail st...

The influence of carbon concentration variations on pearlite formation (20 h at 600 °C) in a case-carburized steel is investigated. resultant microstructure shows three distinct regions: carburized case, transition region, and the original core. microstructural from case to core regions observed be relatively sharp. investigated region (0.9 wt.% C) contains two types pearlite: ferrite + cementi...