Posterior Chamber Phakic Toric Implantable Collamer Lenses have become increasingly used to correct refractive error associated with astigmatism. These devices are claimed to provide high efficacy in terms of refractive correction. This book chapter is an updated review on the safety and effectiveness and potential complications of the toric implantable collamer lens (Toric ICL) published in pe...

Keratoconus (KCN) is an ectatic disorder with progressive corneal thinning and a clinical picture of corneal protrusion, progressive irregular astigmatism, corneal fibrosis and visual deterioration. Other ectatic corneal disorders include: post-LASIK ectasia (PLE) and pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD). Corneal crosslinking (CXL) is a procedure whereby riboflavin sensitization with ultraviole...

PURPOSE To evaluate refractive, visual, and aberrometric changes in corneas with pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD) implanted with intracorneal ring segments (ICRS) during a 6-month follow-up. DESIGN Retrospective, consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS We included 21 consecutive eyes of 15 patients ranging in age from 21 to 73 years old and with a diagnosis of PMD. This diagnosis was made...

PURPOSE To evaluate a new surgical approach for the treatment of pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD). METHODS Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Ten eyes of 10 consecutive patients were included in the series. Inclusion criteria were a clinical diagnosis of PMCD, topographic astigmatism >10 D, and contact lens intolerance. The patients underwent an inferior arc...

Purpose. To report the long-term results of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with riboflavin and ultraviolet-A irradiation in 4 eyes of 2 patients affected by pellucid marginal degeneration (PMD). Methods. This study involved the retrospective analysis of 4 eyes of 2 patients with PMD that underwent CXL treatment. Of the eyes, three had only CXL treatment and one had CXL treatment after an ...

Scleral lenses are large diameter lenses which rest over the sclera, unlike the conventional contact lenses which rest on the cornea. These lenses are fitted to not touch the cornea and there is a space created between the cornea and the lens. These lenses are inserted in the eyes after filling with sterile isotonic fluid. Generally, scleral contact lenses are used for high irregular astigmatis...

PURPOSE To report a case of acute hydrops in pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (PMCD) documented with anterior segment optical segment tomography and successfully treated with sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) intracameral injection. METHODS A 47-year-old female patient presented with spontaneous onset of pain, redness and decreased vision in her left eye. Clinical evaluation revealed bilateral...