Urban and peri-urban agriculture is becoming increasingly important as a source of income and food for the urban population in South Africa. This study was prompted by concerns of city authorities that soil compaction in horticultural fields that used conventional tillage practices with tractors was, not only limiting the performance of fruit and vegetable crops, but also affecting the quality ...

Inventories of the necromass of coarse woody debris typically involve measurements of density (e.g., kilograms per cubic metre) on a sample of logs, with densities of other logs estimated based on assignment to decay classes. Here, we compare two new devices for assessing density of woody debris, a spring penetrometer and a dynamic penetrometer, with the traditional decay classification and kni...

The liquid limit is one of the most commonly used index properties soils. paper compares values determined by Vasiliev cone penetrometer method and Casagrande cup method, based on 45 natural clay samples collected from Kozloduy Town area (North Bulgaria). An empirical correlation these results has been derived.

The multipurpose field robot platform BoniRob offers a wide range of possible applications to be carried out by attaching different application modules called BoniRob-Apps. The Penetrometer-App can be used to measure penetration resistance, soil temperature and moisture. To be able to automatize the measurement process of soil properties a GNSSbased navigation for BoniRob has been developed wit...

In this paper, remote sensing measurements like apparent electrical conductivity (ECa.) are used to assess soil compaction. In an experiment comparing five tillage treatments and their effect to energy crops soil penetration resistance (SPR) was measured at the same time as ECa. ECa measurements were carried out using EM-38with dipoles at 1m apart and SPR by an electronic penetrometer. The nega...

This study focuses on utilizing cone penetrometer models to determine strength (resistance) of sandy soil and also assessment how the relative density angle friction effects measured penetration resistance in soil. Simple empirical equations are used components such as sleeve tip resistance. comparison is performed between calculated well agreement noticed them.