As you know, for penile erection, a sufficient amount of testosterone-induced nitric oxide is needed in the smooth muscle of the penile arterial wall. With aging, LOH syndrome and so on, the serum testosterone level decreases, resulting in a decline of penile erectile function. Furthermore, it is known that the enzyme PDE5 in the penile artery wall also inhibits that function. Even so, it may b...

Erection is basically a spinal reflex that can be initiated by recruitment of penile afferents, both autonomic and somatic, and supraspinal influences from visual, olfactory, and imaginary stimuli. Several central transmitters are involved in the erectile control. Dopamine, acetylcholine, nitric oxide (NO), and peptides, such as oxytocin and adrenocorticotropin/α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone,...

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of intracavernosal injections of adrenomedullin (ADM) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two structurally similar peptides, on penile erection in the anesthetized cat. Erectile responses to ADM and CGRP were compared with responses to a standard drug combination (1.65 mg papaverine, 25 microg phentolamine, and 0.5 microg p...

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, which is considered to be a centre for autonomic regulation, has been shown to exhibit physiological and functional sex differences. It is involved in numerous functions, from stress to the appetite, body energy balance, blood pressure, heart rate and sexual activity, including penile erection [1], and is characterised by a very complex arc...

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common disease in male outpatient service, the penis hardness testing of ED in the clinical diagnosis has important significance, past some detection methods, such as nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring (NPT) due to time-consuming is not easy in outpatient service and a vasodilator agent intervention tests such as color Doppler detection due to the injection of...

It is generally accepted that the development of erectile dysfunction is frequently attributed to both psychogenic factors as well as physiological alterations in neural, vascular, hormonal and endothelial function. Despite the advent of oral and intracavernosal erectile drugs, penile prosthesis implant remains a relevant and desired treatment option as many men became refractory to medical the...

Priapism is defined as a persistent and painful erection lasting longer than four hours without sexual stimulation. Based on episode history and pathophysiology, priapism is classified into three subtypes: ischemic (low-flow), non-ischemic (high-flow), and stuttering priapism. Ischemic priapism is characterized by a persistent, painful erection with remarkable rigidity of the corpora cavernosa ...

Objective: To survey the different aspects of penile morphology among a sample of Egyptian males (normal, congenital curvature, etc.) and their relation to erectile dysfunction. Patients and Methods: A sample of 110 male subjects (age ranges from 20–36 years) was selected from our private centre to participate in our study. Although nearly half of them (54 subjects, 49%) had congenital penile a...

AIM Our aim is to introduce the cavernous artery ondulation index (CA-OI) as a new parameter that could be accepted as an indirect indicator of vascular hemodynamics and also gives us information about the efficiency of erection. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 27 patients with erectile dysfunction were evaluated with penile Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS). After injection of papaverine intrac...