Background: The incidence of animal bite is increasing in Iran and there is lack of knowledge about animal bite in children. Hence, the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of animal bite in children and also evaluate delayed time of post exposure prophylaxis(PEP) in children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 172 children cases of animal bites ...

  Introduction : Rabies is a disease that has been known since antiquity. It is a highly fatal acute disease of the central nervous system caused by a lyssavirus. Prior to the discovery of the rabies vaccine, rabies-infected individuals fell victim to the delusions and superstitions associated with this disease. Though it has been neglected in many regions of the world, rabies remains one ...

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) has been proposed as a strategy to prevent the acquisition of HIV infection after certain high-risk exposures, and treatment as prevention (TasP) is also being advocated as a means to reduce sexual transmission of HIV. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PEP and TasP awareness and their demographic, behavioral, and social correlates in Ital...

The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection continues to rise among core groups and efforts to reduce the numbers of new infections are being redoubled. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the use of short-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) to reduce the risk of acquisition of HIV infection following exposure. Current guidelines recommend a 28-day course of ART within 36-72 hour...

Glioma presents one of the most malignant brain tumors, and the therapeutic effect is often limited due to the existence of brain tumor barrier. Based on interleukin-13 receptor α2 (IL-13Rα2) over-expression on glioma cell, it was demonstrated to be a potential receptor for glioma targeting. In this study, Pep-1-conjugated PEGylated nanoparticles loaded with paclitaxel (Pep-NP-PTX) were develop...

Illumination of previously darkened maize (Zea mays L. cv Golden Cross Bantam T51) leaves had no effect on the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase protein, but increased enzyme activity about 2-fold when assayed under suboptimal conditions (pH 7.0 and limiting PEP). In addition, sensitivity to effectors of PEP carboxylase activity was significantly altered; e.g. malate inhibi...

Potentially eventually positive (PEP) sign patterns were introduced in “Sign patterns 1 that allow eventual positivity,” Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra, 19 (2010): 108–120, where it 2 was noted that A is PEP if its positive part is primitive, and an example was given of a 3× 3 PEP 3 sign pattern with reducible positive part. We extend these results by constructing n × n PEP sign 4 pattern...

BACKGROUND Nebulized hypertonic saline is a highly effective therapy for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet 10% of patients are intolerant of hypertonic saline administered via jet nebulizer. Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) nebulizers splint open the airways and offers a more controlled rate of nebulization. METHODS In 4 consecutive adult CF patients who were intolerant of hypertonic ...

The transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been demonstrated as a potential treatment strategy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an important antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies intracellular reactive oxygen species, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage. PEP-1, a peptide carrier, is able to deliver full-length native peptides or proteins i...

3-Deoxy-d-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate (KDO8P) synthase catalyzes the condensation of arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form KDO8P, a key precursor in the biosynthesis of the endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria. Earlier studies have established that the condensation occurs with a syn addition of water to the si side of C2(PEP) and of C3(PEP) to the re side of C1(A5P...