Macromolecules such as hemoglobin exert both kinetic and matrix effects on osmotic pressure. The kinetic osmotic pressure of sickle-cell hemoglobin is lost upon deoxygenation at physiological erythrocyte concentrations. The non-kinetic or matrix component of osmotic pressure remains relatively unchanged. Loss of thermal-osmotic activity during deoxygenation occurs throughout a hemoglobin concen...

The bactericidal effect of hydrostatic pressure is reduced when bacteria are suspended in media with high osmolarity. To elucidate mechanisms responsible for the baroprotective effect of ionic and nonionic solutes, Lactococcus lactis was treated with pressures ranging from 200 to 600 MPa in a low-osmolarity buffer or with buffer containing 0.5 M sucrose or 4 M NaCl. Pressure-treated cells were ...

Low-pressure osmotic-based membrane separation, such as osmotic distillation (OMD) and forward osmosis (FO), is a separation process suitable for the concentration of liquid food with heat-sensitive components. In FO, dense hydrophilic used osmotic-pressure gradient driving force. Reverse salt diffusion low are major phenomena impeding FO application. Food preservatives can be applied draw solu...

A laboratory-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) treating sewage was used to investigate the membrane fouling mechanism. Characterization of cake layer formed on membrane surface showed that cake layer was hydrated, rich of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and negative charged with the charge density of 0.21-0.46 meq/kg MLSS. Detailed analysis revealed a new membrane ...

Although the initiation, development and control of biofilms has been an area of experimental investigation for more than three decades, the role of extra-cellular polymeric substance (EPS) has not been well studied. We present a mathematical description of the EPS matrix to study the development of heterogeneous biofilm morphology. In developing the model, we assume that the biofilm is a biolo...