conclusions both add-on ldt and switching to peg-ifn-α2a were satisfactory and optimal treatments for chb patients with poor responses to adv. both rescue strategies resulted in significant reductions in serum viral load and alt levels, and were associated with high rate of serological outcomes in our hospital. patients and methods ninety-seven chb patients with hbv dna > 2 log10 copies/ml 48 w...

Labour pain is one of the most important factors in shaping women's experiences of birth. Choice around pharmacological relief can be complex. Clinical hypnosis is a non-pharmacological option which a number of women have chosen to use, often paying privately to do so. Self hypnosis allows women the opportunity to take control of this technique. Research findings relating to the therapy vary; s...

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a still-emerging, non-invasive neuroimaging tool, has been applied to a wide range of questions in sensory, motor control, and cognitive psychology. Only more recently has it been applied to understand the sites and mechanisms of action of pharmacological agents within the human CNS. However, in so doing, a new set of problems and concerns surroundi...

Rosa damascena mill L., known as Gole Mohammadi in Iran is one of the most important species of Rosaceae family flowers. R. damascena is an ornamental plant and beside perfuming effect, several pharmacological properties including anti-HIV, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitussive, hypnotic, antidiabetic, and relaxant effect on tracheal chains have been reported for this plant. This article is a...

Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems in women of childbearing age that often interferes with their work and social relationships. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in the treatment of PMS. Materials and Methods<...

Nervous system of Periplaneta americana cockroach is used in a wide range of pharmacological studies, including electrophysiological techniques. This paper presents its role as a preparation in the development of toxinological studies in the following electrophysiological methods: double-oil-gap technique on isolated giant axon, patch-clamp on DUM (dorsal unpaired median) neurons, microelectrod...

The isolated perfused heart system, as originated by Oscar Langendorff more than a century ago, has become a predominant technique in pharmacological and physiological research. The technique allows the examination of cardiac contractile strength (inotropic effects), heart rate (chronotropic effects) and vascular effects without the complications of an intact animal model. From its simple begin...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare maternal satisfaction with childbirth according to whether or not combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSE) of pain relief was used during labor. METHODS A randomized, open clinical trial was performed with 70 pregnant women, 35 of whom received CSE anesthesia while 35 received only non-pharmacological forms of pain relief during labor. The...

INTRODUCTION Persistent hiccups can be more than a simple and short-lived nuisance and therefore sometimes call for serious consideration. Hiccupping episodes that last only a few minutes may be annoying, but persistent hiccups may initiate many major complications. CASE PRESENTATION A 72-year-old Caucasian man with spinal stenosis presented for L4-5 laminectomy under spinal anesthesia. The s...