The phase evolution behavior of electrochemically K-intercalated graphite is examined by operando X-ray diffraction and first-principles calculations in comparison to that a Li system based upon optimizing the electrode electrolyte conditions for analysis.

The importance and different aspects of autocatalysis in evolution was analyzed. The behaviour of autocatalytic reactions mainly the Lotka-Volterra and the Schlögl equations were discussed in terms of phase change, entropy, and their oscillation frequency. The increase of complexity as the general direction of evolution was examined on some patterns in terms of both their entropy and informatio...