Decision-feedback equalization (DFE) is explored to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) and crosstalks in highspeed backplane applications. In the design of clock and data recovery (CDR) circuit, embedding DFE within phase and frequency detector (PFD) enhances to recover data inherently from distorted input signals and facilitates to provide DFE with recovered clock. With PRBS15 data signali...

The 2 out of 4-system (2oo4) is an advanced safety architecture. A 2oo4-system is 2-failure safe, this means that at least two of the four channels have to work correctly in order to trigger the safety function. In order to classify the quality of a system different parameters have to be calculated, like the PFD and MTTF. In this paper, equations are indicated for PFD for normal and common-caus...

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are promising hardware security primitives suitable for low-cost cryptographic applications. Ring oscillator (RO) PUF is a well-received silicon PUF solution due to its ease of implementation and entropy evaluation. However, the responses of RO-PUFs are susceptible to environmental changes, in particular, to temperature variations. Additionally, a convention...

In this paper, a thorough analysis of the jitter behavior of a Delay Locked Loop (DLL) based clock multiplying architecture is presented. The noise sources that are included in the analysis are the noise of the delay elements, the reference jitter and the noise of the Phase Frequency Detector and Charge Pump combination. It is shown that the effect of all noise sources on the output timing jitt...

A new analog frequency modulation ~FM! detector ~demodulator! for dynamic force microscopy ~DFM! is presented. The detector is designed for DFM by utilizing the FM detection method where the resonance frequency shift of the force sensor is kept constant to regulate the distance between a tip and a sample surface. The FM detector employs a phase-locked loop ~PLL! circuit using a voltage-controll...

Multimedia communication in wireless networks is challenging due to the inherent complexity and constraints of multimedia data. To reduce the high bandwidth requirement of video streaming, videos are compressed by exploiting spatial and temporal redundancy thus yielding dependencies among frames as well as within a frame. Unnecessary transmission and maintenance of useless packets in the buffer...

Bang-Bang clock and data recovery (BBCDR) circuits are hard nonlinear systems due to the nonlinearity introduced by the binary phase detector (BPD). The specification of the CDR frequency response is determined by jitter tolerance and jitter transfer. In this paper, jitter transfer and jitter tolerance of the second-order BBCDR are characterized by formulating the time domain waveforms. As a re...

This paper presents a CFAR detector based on the bootstrap for detecting signals with unknown amplitude, phase and frequency such as found in conventional pulsed radar and sonar systems. The detector is robust against non-Gaussian noise, and can still maintain the false alarm rate without much modification if consistent estimates are substituted for unknown parameters. Preliminary asymptotic re...

Figure 7. Numerical demonstration of utility of SI for gauging similarity between time series. Top: noisy phase-modulated sine waves with a common carrier frequency and common initial phase. Starting at the 250-second mark, a 500-point segment of one was substituted with a 90° phase-shifted copy of the other. Bottom: numerically computed SI at the carrier frequency. Detector S ou rc e Reciproca...