Phenolic resins, phenol-formaldehyde polymers previously thought to be nonbiodegradable, are produced at an annual rate of 2.2 million metric tons in the United States for many industrial and commercial applications. Three independent lines of evidence established their biodegradability with the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Chromatic transformation of growth medium (yellow to p...

The Jacobsen catalyst, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediaminomanganese (III) chloride is covalently immobilized on mesoporous phenolic resin through a direct and simple procedure. The immobilization is evident from nitrogen sorption and quantitative XRF measurements. A complex loading of 0.09 mmol/g is obtained, corresponding to well dispersed Mn-complexes on the surface...

There are three types of adhesion difficulties faced by the Babylon Tyre manufactured: bonding the inner liner to the fabric cord, bonding the tread to the breaker bandage, and bonding the sidewall to the bead apex. We have investigated the adhesion between layers of tyre by using maleic anhydride (MA) in an elastomer while using phenolic resin, resorcinol, or novolak in another elastomer to un...

Different resol phenol-formaldehyde prepolymer resins have been synthesized with different formaldehyde / phenol ratios. The phenolic resin composition depends on monomer ratio, catalyst, reaction conditions, and residual free monomers. Temperature and pH conditions under which reactions of phenols with formaldehyde are carried out have a profound effect on the characteristics of the resulting ...

Interest in renewable biofuel sources has intensified in recent years, leading to greatly increased production of ethanol and its primary coproduct, Distillers Dried Grain with Solubles (DDGS). Consequently, the development of new outlets for DDGS has become crucial to maintaining the economic viability of the industry. In light of these developments, this preliminary study aimed to determine t...

Several techniques have been used for sand production control in sandstone reservoirs.The main objective of this research is to present a suitable resin to be used as a consolidation agent in oil reservoirs. To achieve this purpose, urea-formaldehyde resin, phenol-formaldehyde resin, and modified urea-formaldehyde resin were selected to be studied. Core samples were made by the sand sample prov...

Photoresists, developers, remover, adhesion promoters, etchants, and solvents ... Phone: +49 731 36080-409 Fax: +49 731 36080-908 e-Mail: [email protected] The Resin The resin of AZ® and TI resists is Novolak, a cresol resin that is synthesized from phenol and formaldehyde. The molecular chain length adjusts important resist properties: Long chains improve the thermal stability, reduce th...

In this study, phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin has been modified with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) at a varying ratio from 0.05 wt.% to 1.5 enhance the thermal properties and combustion performance of resins. The effect nano-TiO2 modification on (chemical or thermal) resins was determined by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis (TGA) techniques. addition, laminated veneer lu...

Polyamidoxime chelating resin was obtained from polyacrylonitrile (PAN) grafted starch. The nitrile groups of the starch-grafted polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) were converted into amidoximes by reaction with hydroxylamine under basic conditions. The synthesized graft copolymer and polyamidoxime were characterized by FTIR, TGA and elemental microanalysis. Metal chelation of the polyamidoxime resin...

Macro-defect-free (MDF) cement with high flexure strength has been an active research area over several decades. To study the tensile properties of these materials, it is essential to understand the mode I crack propagation. In this article, cleavage cracking in calcium aluminate cement (CAC)–phenol resin composites is analyzed based on an energy method. The crack-trapping effect of the cement ...