Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions (EMT) are strongly implicated in cancer dissemination. Intermediate states, arising from inter-conversion between epithelial (E) and mesenchymal (M) states, are characterized by phenotypic heterogeneity combining E and M features and increased plasticity. Hybrid EMT states are highly relevant in metastatic contexts, but have been largely neglected, partiall...

The "white-opaque" transition in Candida albicans was discovered in 1987. For the next fifteen years, a significant body of knowledge accumulated that included differences between the cell types in gene expression, cellular architecture and virulence in cutaneous and systemic mouse models. However, it was not until 2002 that we began to understand the role of switching in the life history of th...

backgroundandobjectives:rapidandaccuratedetectionofmethicillinresistantstaphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is an important role of clinical microbiology laboratories to avoid treatment failure. the aim of this study was to compare conventional methods against the e-test minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) method to determine the best phenotypic method. materials and methods: methicillin resistance...

introduction: nocardia is saprophytic soil bacterium of the actinomycetes families. nocardia has high diversity of species and due to species diversity of nocardia, phenotypic tests are essential for early identification of nocardia species. methods: 155 soil samples from different regions of north khorasan province in iran were collected, including: urban and rural areas. isolation of nocardia...

background: methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) has been emerged as a nosocomial and community acquired pathogen worldwide. there are many challenges for laboratory detection of mrsa. the aim of this study was to compare different phenotypic methods with pcr based method as a gold standard for detection of meca gene. methods: a total of 220 clinical isolates of s. aureus which we...