Chronic myelogenous leukemia is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome, which at the molecular level results from the fusion of the bcr gene on chromosome 22 and the abl gene on chromosome 9. The bcr-abl fusion gene encodes a novel tyrosine kinase with transforming activity. In this study, we have synthesized a multi-unti ribozyme that targets bcr-abl mRNA. In vitro ribozyme cleavage reac...

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was the first human malignancy shown to be consistently associated with a chromosomal abnormality, the Philadelphia chromosome (Nowell and Hungerford, 1960). At the gene level, the Philadelphia chromosome is the result of breaks on chromosomes 9 and 22 with a reciprocal translocation of the distal genetic material (Rowley, 1973). This translocation transposes the ...

Chromosomal translocation is one mechanism by which cellular oncogenes may be activated during tumorigenesis. The translocation of the abl oncogene to the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) results in a new RNA transcript that fuses sequence from chromosome 22 to sequence from the abl oncogene. This RNA presumably codes for a new abl-related protein product found in C...

Philadelphia chromosome is observed in 25-50% of adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) cases and in about 5% of childhood ALL cases. A hyper diploid karyotype, defined by the presence of more than 46 chromosomes, is detected in 2-9% of adult ALL patients and in 29% of pediatric patients [1]. Translocation t (9; 22) or Philadelphia chromosome is a common structural aberration found in patient...

C hronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a frequent CD5 + B-cell neoplasia that involves peripheral blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes and other lym-phoid tissues. The median age of patients at diagnosis of CLL is around 70 years old and the prognosis is extremely variable. In spite of some advances in its therapy, CLL continues to be incurable. Due to this fact, and to the prognos-tic heterogeneity...

The gene MIC2 is located in the pseudoautosomal region at the ends of the short arms of the X and Y chromosomes. In females MIC2 escapes X inactivation. We have analyzed the methylation pattern of MIC2 on the active X, the inactive X chromosomes, and the Y chromosome. The 5' end of the gene contains a GC rich region which is unmethylated on the active X, the inactive X and on the Y. The body of...

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become an increasingly important method for assessing chromosome rearrangement. The reciprocal translocation constituting the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome [t(9;22)(q34;q 1 1 )]characterizes more than 90% of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, in the remaining cases the Ph chromosome (genetically characterized by the fusion of ...

We investigated Y chromosomal binary and STR polymorphisms in 263 unrelated male individuals from the Japanese population and further examined the relationships between the two separate types of data. Using 47 biallelic markers we distinguished 20 haplogroups, four of which (D2b1/-022457, O3/-002611*, O3/-LINE1 del, and O3/-021354*) were newly defined in this study. Most haplogroups in the Japa...