Riffle-dwelling crayfish populations were sampled at 16 sites in 4 tributaries of the Spring River located within the Tri-State Mining District in southwest Missouri. Crayfish density, physical habitat quality, and water quality were examined at each site to assess the ecological effects of mining-derived metals on crayfish. Metals (lead, zinc, and cadmium) were analyzed in samples of surface w...

BACKGROUND Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) due to Leishmania major is increasing in many parts of Iran. This disease originally is a disease found in gerbils. Leishmania parasites are transmitted by sandflies that live and breed in gerbil burrows. Nested PCR amplified Leishmania ITS1-5.8S rRNA gene in both main reservoir host "Rhombomys opimus" and in the "Phlebotomus papatasi" main vect...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Phlebotomus argentipes is the vector for visceral leishmaniasis in India. The development of resistance in kala-azar vector to DDT has been reported from various parts of India. The main objective of this study was to generate information on insecticides susceptibility status of P. argentipes to DDT, malathion and deltamethrin in different parts in three states of India....

The use of synthetic insecticides for insect control may lead to different kind of problems, such as vector resistance to insecticides. To avoid these problems, a new research area to study botanical products as possible disease vectors controls, has become a feasible alternative. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the biocide activity of the ethanol extract of seeds of Annona coriace...

INTRODUCTION from an epidemiological point of view, more than 120 species of triatomine (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are known. The occurrence and positivity for Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines in 16 municipalities of the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba were evaluated from January 2002 to December 2004. METHODS the triatomines were captured basically according to the classic norms of the Nat...

Background Phlebotominae sand flies are the main vectors of leishmaniasis and some other diseases. Materials and Methods Using sticky traps, sand flies were collected fortnightly from outdoors and indoors areas of selected sites. Results A total of 2032 specimens (498 in the city and 1534 in the outskirts of Yazd) belonging to 11 species were collected. The activity of sand flies started in...

Understanding the distribution of parasites is crucial for biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied ectoparasitic fungus Laboulbenia formicarum in native and invasive Lasius ants a 2000 km2 area. We screened over 16,000 ant workers 478 colonies five different species. found that Lab. was rare species but infected 58% Las. neglectus. At landscape scale, presence could not be explained by geog...