The influence of the mother tongue on second language acquisition is well-known. Pakistan a multi-lingual country with scores tongues, yet their English writing has not been investigated properly. This error-analysis study contributes in this regard by finding out syntactical and semantical errors committed Pakistani students different tongues. It also if there were any patterned differences or...

Urdu language is written in Arabic script. In this script, the consonantal context is clearly represented, but the vocalic sounds are represented (mostly) by marks or diacritics, which are optional and normally not written. Readers can guess the diacritics and thus can pronounce words correctly, based on their knowledge of the language. But un-diacritized Urdu text creates ambiguity for novice ...

It is a long term desire of the computer users to minimize the communication gap between the computer and a human. Natural Language Interfaces to Databases (NLIDBs) is one of the mechanisms to pull off this goal. In NLIDBs the question is asked in simple daily life human language and the answer is given in the same language. This research paper is about NLIDBs for Urdu language. An algorithm is...

This study discusses the analysis of Arabic vocabulary into Urdu. Urdu is one languages in India and official language Pakistan Bangladesh. with its development heavily influenced by because during Islamic era, expansion was very rapid Indian Subcontinent.The purpose this to: ) Knowing what used Google Play Store application changes writing sound meaning The type research qualitative research. ...

We present an approach for online handling of Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) terms in UrduEnglish MT. Since Urdu is morphologically richer than English, we expect a large portion of the OOV terms to be Urdu morphological variations that are irrelevant to English. We describe an approach to automatically learn English-irrelevant (targetirrelevant) Urdu (source) morphological variation rules from standa...

A central task of natural language processing is to find a way of answering the question Who did what to whom, how, when and where? with automatic means. This requires insights on how a language realizes events and the participants that partake in them and how this information can be encoded in a humanas well as machine-readable way. In this thesis, I investigate the ways that the spatial notio...

English to Urdu machine translation is still in its beginning and lacks simple methods provide motivating adequate translation. In order make knowledge available the masses, there should be mechanisms tools place things understandable by translating from source language target an automated fashion. Machine has achieved this goal with encouraging results. When decoding text into language, transl...

In this paper we present a comprehensive overview of the structures of the adjectival phrases in the Urdu language with respect to the task of sentiment analysis. Urdu is a widely spoken but one of the least explored languages by the computational linguistics community. After a detailed analysis of adjectival phrases in Urdu text we conclude that this language is orthographically, morphological...

BACKGROUND Researchers setting out to conduct research employing questionnaires in non-English speaking populations need instruments that have been validated in the indigenous languages. In this study we have tried to review the literature on the status of cross-cultural and/or criterion validity of all the questionnaires measuring psychiatric symptoms available in Urdu language. METHODS A se...