Silica refractory bricks are used especially in the metallurgical industries, due to desirable properties such as particularly their high melting point and their rigidity and strength at high temperatures. In this research, different amount of SiC were added to Silica refractory containing different binders such as Borax, Boric acid, Calcium nitride, Sodium tri poly phosphate, Sodium hexametaph...

BACKGROUND Although clinical guidelines exist for optimal levels of serum markers of chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD), target parameters are not achieved in many haemodialysis (HD) patients. The reason for this evidence-practice gap is unclear and more information from patients and healthcare professionals is required to improve knowledge transfer. We aimed to determin...

OBJECTIVES Nocturnal haemodialysis (NHD), characterised by 8-hour sessions ≥3 times a week, is known to improve clinical parameters in the short term compared with conventional-schedule haemodialysis (HD), generally 3×3.5-4 hours a week. We studied long-term effects of NHD and used patients on conventional HD/haemodiafiltration (HDF) as controls. DESIGN Four-year prospective follow-up of pati...

BACKGROUND There is a continuing need for non-aluminium and non-calcium-containing oral phosphate binders. A novel product, i.e. stabilized polynuclear iron hydroxide, has experimentally been shown to be an effective phosphate binder. The purpose of the study was to test the efficacy and tolerability of the compound in hyperphosphataemic patients with stable preterminal renal failure. METHODS...

BACKGROUND Calcium-based and non-calcium-based phosphate binders have similar efficacy in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia; however, calcium-based binders may be associated with hypercalcemia, vascular calcification, and adynamic bone disease. SCOPE A post hoc analysis was carried out of data from a 16-week, Phase IV study of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who switched to lant...

Sevelamer (Renagel and Renvela), is an orally administered weakly basic anion exchange resin that binds dietary phosphate in the gastrointestinal tract, and is approved for use in the US, Europe and many other countries for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in adult patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Clinical evidence shows that sevelamer is at least as effective as calcium-based...

BACKGROUND Control of dietary phosphate absorption in end-stage renal disease patients is essential to prevent the deleterious sequelae of phosphorus retention. Efficacy of currently available calcium- and aluminium-containing phosphate binders is constrained by the side-effects associated with the absorption of calcium and aluminium. The current study examined the efficacy of RenaGel, a calciu...

Hyperphosphatemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Serum phosphate control remains a cornerstone of the clinical management of patients with CKD, in order to both attenuate the progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism or bone disease and (possibly) reduce the risk of vascular calcification. Despite technical improvemen...

In the early stages of renal failure, hyperparathyroidism develops as a compensatory mechanism to control serum levels of calcium, phosphorus and calcitriol. As kidney disease progresses, this ability to maintain mineral homeostasis is lost, leading to the development of renal osteodystrophy (ROD). Over the past decade, the pattern of ROD seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has c...