With the rising demand for solar energy installation, there is a pressing need for utilities to regulate the voltages at the distribution level. In grids with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems, voltage fluctuations can occur at the distribution systems, resulting in inverter tripping and insufficient power to meet the load. We present a linear model for voltage rise versus PV output...

Solar photovoltaic (SPV) has emerged as one of the major renewable source of electricity generation. Solar electricity is more expensive than that produced by traditional sources. But over the past two decades, the cost gap has been closing. Solar photovoltaic (SPV) technology has emerged as a useful power source of applications such as lightning, meeting the electricity needs of villages, hosp...

Solar energy plays an important role in the global energy framework for future. Comparing with conventional generation systems using fossil fuels, the cost structure of photovoltaic (PV) systems is different: the capital cost is higher while the operation cost is negligible. Reliabilities of the PV system can also influence the cost for producing electricity. Investors, planners and regulators ...

The modeling of PV (photovoltaic) systems is very crucial for embedded power system applications and maximum power point tracking. This paper presents a PV array model using Matlab/Simulink with the assistance of SimPowerSystem toolbox. The PV cell is considered as the main building block for simulating and monitoring the PV array performance. The PV model has been developed and used as Simulin...

A hybrid Photovoltaic/Thermal (PV/T) solar system integrates photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies into one single solar energy device, with dual generation of electricity and heat energy. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential for introduction of the PV/T technology into Northern China. For this purpose, outdoor experiments were conducted on a prototype of a PV/T water...

Partial shadowing has been identified as a main cause for reducing energy yield of grid-connected photovoltaic systems. The impact of the applied system configuration on the energy yield of partially shadowed arrays has been widely discussed. Nevertheless, there is still much confusion especially regarding the optimal grade of modularity for such systems. A 5-kWp photovoltaic system was install...

Potential Induced Degradation (PID) is an undesirable property of some solar modules. The factors that enable PID (voltage, heat and humidity) exist on all photovoltaic (PV) systems, but the effect does not occur on all or even most PV systems. According to Dr. Peter Hacke of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), “All c-Si [crystalline silicon] modules have elements of reversible and...

This paper determines and compares the cost of energy (COE) of various hybrid systems for several off-grid facilities in North and Far North regions of Cameroon by integrating renewable sources and/or storage with diesel generators. The estimated annual energy production by solar PV systems and wind turbines is also discussed. The aim is to study the application of a high penetration renewable ...

-This paper presents a steady-state model of a gridconnected photovoltaic (PV) system using Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) MODELS. Recently the PV system has been introduced in power systems. The previous PV generation was used only to supply small loads or for home use. Nowadays, installations of grid-connected PV systems are increasing due to several advantages compared to standalon...

The National Photovoltaic (PV) Program is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy, and includes a PV Manufacturing Research and Development (R&D) project conducted with industry. This project includes advancements in PV components to improve reliability, reduce costs, and develop integrated PV systems. Participants submit prototypes, pre-production hardware products, and examples of the resu...