Diaphragm pacing is an alternative to mechanical ventilation in patients with high cervical cord damage (>C4 dermatome). It brings clinical benefits and reduces health costs [1–3]. It is also indicated in certain cases of central hypoventilation [4]. Two types of diaphragm pacing devices are commercially available. With intrathoracic phrenic stimulation, electrodes are implanted around the phre...

T HE THOROUGH and oft-quoted experiments of Porter (I) were designed to determine the presence or absence of crossing connections between the descending inspiratory reticulospinal fibers of one side and the phrenic motor nuclei of the opposite side. In demonstrating the existence of such connections, Porter repeated an observation which had been made previously (z-4) and formulated an hypothesi...

Hypertension is a major cause of morbidity. The neuropeptide catestatin [human chromogranin A-(352-372)] is a peptide product of the vesicular protein chromogranin A. Studies in the periphery and in vitro studies show that catestatin blocks nicotine-stimulated catecholamine release and interacts with β-adrenoceptors and histamine receptors. Catestatin immunoreactivity is present in the rostral ...

The object of this paper is to present a modified view of the mode of action of phrenic nerve crush and pneumoperitoneum therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. In a study of mediastinal shift in a series of 80 cases of phrenic nerve crush and pneumoperitoneum therapy (Fox, 1950) it was found that the average mediastinal shift to the left in the cases with right phrenic paralysis was 1.6 cm., and to...

Cervical magnetic stimulation (CMS), a nonvolitional test of diaphragm function, is an easy means for measuring the latency of the diaphragm motor response to phrenic nerve stimulation, namely, phrenic nerve conduction time (PNCT). In this application, CMS has some practical advantages over electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerve in the neck (ES). Although normal ES-PNCTs have been consiste...

Anatomy: The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle in mammals, it is a highly active muscle with a duty cycle of 30-40%, and therefore, the diaphragm may be particularly susceptible to inactivity or disuse (1). It is innervated by the phrenic nerves that arise from the nerve roots C3 through C5, and is primarily composed of fatigue-resistant slow-twitch type I and fast-twitch IIa myofibers. ...

Introduction: Contralateral cervical 7 (CC7) nerve transfer can be used in the absence of neurotizer BPI total root avulsion case. CC7 was introduced by Gu et al. 1986, and aimed to restore motor sensory function hand. The purpose this paper is report patients with nearly using median nerve. Case Presentation: A man suffered a motorcycle accident March 2010. There complete loss right upper limb...

BACKGROUND Nerve transfers are commonly employed in the treatment of brachial plexus injuries. We report the use of a new donor for transfer, the platysma motor branch. METHODS A patient with complete avulsion of the brachial plexus and phrenic nerve paralysis had the suprascapular nerve neurotized by the accessory nerve, half of the hypoglossal nerve transferred to the musculocutaneous nerve...

This is a case report of inappropriate sinus tachycardia in a patient who had a previous unsuccessful endocardial ablation, which had been limited due to concerns of phrenic nerve injury. The patient required a repeat ablation that utilized a novel combined epicardial and endocardial approach for sinus node modification and simultaneous protection of the phrenic nerve via an epicardial balloon.