Most security protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSN) assume that the adversary can gain full control over a sensor node through direct physical access (node capture attack). But so far the amount of effort an attacker has to undertake in a node capture attack is unknown. In our project we evaluate different physical attacks against sensor node hardware. Detailed knowledge about the effort...

Most security protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSN) assume that the adversary can gain full control over a sensor node through direct physical access (node capture attack). But so far the amount of effort an attacker has to undertake in a node capture attack is unknown. In our project we evaluate different physical attacks against sensor node hardware. Detailed knowledge about the effort...

The type of learning activity offered in physical education may influence students' motivational beliefs, physical activity participation and effort/persistence in class. However, most empirical studies have focused on the individual level rather than on the learner-content interactions. Accordingly, the potential effects of learning activities on these outcome variables have been overlooked. T...

Objectives: This study explored how social physique anxiety (SPA) combined with different patterns of motivation regulations might facilitate versus deter effort and enjoyment in physical education (PE) and leisure-time physical activity. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: High school students (N 1⁄4 298; Mage 1⁄4 15.72, SDage 1⁄4 1.24 years) completed an in-class survey including SPA in ...

Background: In this opinion we consider the roles of physical and cognitive effort in choosing between actions that make different demands.
 View past: a less or more demanding task, each was not expected to have large effect.
 Current state: However, people are willing expend extra clear their minds (to avoid effort), phenomenon called pre-crastination.
 Future perspective: Beca...

Rewards in real life are rarely received without incurring costs and successful reward harvesting often involves weighing and minimizing different types of costs. In the natural environment, such costs often include the physical effort required to obtain rewards and potential risks attached to them. Costs may also include potential risks. In this study, we applied fMRI to explore the neural cod...

We analyze a dynamic contribution game to a public project, in which a group of agents exert costly effort over time to make progress on a project. The project progresses gradually, and it is completed once a pre-specified amount of progress has been made, at which point it generates a lump sum payoff. A standard result in these games is that equilibrium efforts are inefficiently low due to the...