the brain edema is one of remarkable injuries after traumatic brain injuries (tbi). the common treatments for limiting edema are included mannitol, barbiturates, corticosteroids, hyperventilation and central nervous system derange. the most of these treatments for edema is problematic. for example, mannitol can be effective for the short period of time (24 hours) after brain injuries but is not...

traumatic brain injury (tbi) is one of the major causes of severe disability and death in the entire world that accidents are mentioned as main factors of it. tbi lead to primary and secondary injuries.  primary injuries are created immediately after accidents or bleeding but the secondary injuries are created by complicated process of cellular and molecular responses following primary injury a...

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PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of ILUVIEN® in patients with chronic diabetic macular edema (DME) who were insufficiently responsive to prior therapies. METHODS This is a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, open-label, phase 4 pilot study assessing the effectiveness and safety of ILUVIEN® involving 12 patients insufficiently responsive to availabl...

Inadequate ventilator settings may cause overwhelming inflammatory responses associated with ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Here, we examined potential benefits of glutamine (GLN) on a two-hit model for VILI after acid aspiration-induced lung injury in rats. Rats were intratracheally challenged with hydrochloric acid as a first...

INTRODUCTION Clinically useful predictions of end-organ function and failure in severe sepsis may be possible through analyzing the interactions among demographics, physiologic parameters, standard laboratory tests, and circulating markers of inflammation. The present study evaluated the ability of such a methodology, the Systemic Mediator Associated Response Test (SMART), to predict the clinic...

Pregnancy is a normal but altered physiologic state that results in significant hormonal,mechanical, and circulatory changes. The increases in progesterone and estrogen associated with pregnancy contribute to vascular and central nervous system effects, changes in the balance of bronchoconstrictor and bronchodilator prostanoids, and increases in peptide hormones that alter connective tissue cha...

Cyclophilin D (which is encoded by the Ppif gene) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl-prolyl isomerase known to modulate opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP). Apart from regulating necrotic cell death, the physiologic function of the MPTP is largely unknown. Here we have shown that Ppif(-/-) mice exhibit substantially greater cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and reducti...

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the improved safety and efficacy of transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (TSCPC) by performing it in the operating room.This is a retrospective review of 17 eyes of 16 patients who received TSCPC for uncontrolled glaucoma on maximum tolerated medication.Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) prior to surgery was 30.85 ± 6.24 mm Hg and was reduced to 14.48 ± 3.5...