Melt ponds, a common feature on Arctic sea ice, absorb most of the incoming solar radiation and have a large effect on the melting rate of sea ice, which significantly influences climate change. Therefore, it is very important to monitor melt ponds in order to better understand the sea ice-climate interaction. In this study, melt pond retrieval models were developed using the TerraSAR-X dual-po...

We identified a ca. 180 Ma diamondiferous lamproite event in Zambia, establishing link between ultrapotassic volcanism and the early Jurassic Karoo flood basalt province of sub-Saharan Africa. The cratonic lamproites erupted through Permo–Triassic Luangwa Rift structure, but MgO-rich magma formation was unrelated to rifting triggered by plume–lithosphere interactions during LIP event. Elevated ...

1. Supplemental Methods Page Testing the performance of MELT in new compute environments 2 Generation of simulated data sets and validation of MELT features 2 Quality tranche system 2 Sensitivity, specificity, and runtime of MELT and other algorithms 3 Generation of MELT MEI call sets 3 PCR validation of MELT 3 Identification of population-specific Alu subfamilies 4 Assessment of Alu allelic he...

It is recognized both experimentally and computationally that the main damage of divertor in fusion devices such as ITER could be due to melting of metallic plasma facing components such as tungsten developed during plasma instabilities. Macroscopic melt motion and splashing with ejection of molten droplets into plasma are major concern. The computational modelling of uncoupled/coupled plasma–m...

Chemical differentiation of rocky planets occurs by melt segregation away from the region of melting. The mechanics of this process, however, are complex and incompletely understood. In partially molten rocks undergoing shear deformation, melt pockets between grains align coherently in the stress field; it has been hypothesized that this anisotropy in microstructure creates an anisotropy in the...

Abstract—The detection of the polymer melt state during manufacture process is regarded as an efficient way to control the molded part quality in advance. Online monitoring rheological property of polymer melt during processing procedure provides an approach to understand the melt state immediately. Rheological property reflects the polymer melt state at different processing parameters and is v...

Rapid decline in Arctic sea ice cover in the 21st century may have wide-reaching effects on the Arctic climate system, including the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. Here, we investigate whether local changes in sea ice around the Greenland ice sheet have had an impact on Greenland surface melt. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between sea ice concentration, the timing of melt ons...

S U M M A R Y Under extreme conditions like those encountered during earthquake slip, frictional melt is likely to occur. It has been observed on ancient faults that the melt is mostly extruded toward local extensional jogs or lateral tension cracks. In the case of laboratory experiments with a rotary shear apparatus, melt is extruded from the sample borders. When this happens, a thin and irreg...

Radioactive disequilibrium of 23Su nuclides is commonly observed in young lavas and has often been used to infer the rates of melting and melt migration. However, previous calculations do not actually include melt transport. Here we explore the behaviour of short-lived radionuclides in a new calculation that includes the fluid dynamics of melt segregation. We emphasize that series disequilibriu...

Microwave measurements have been used in various studies to detect melt based on their sensitivity to liquid water present in snow. To contrast different melt detection methods used with different sensors, six different melt detection method/sensor combinations are compared using data for the summer of 2000. The sensors include the Special Spectral Microwave Imager (SSM/I), SeaWinds on QuikSCAT...