BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to quantitate the degree of left-to-right shunt in patients with secundum atrial septal defect (2o ASD) with the PISA method and compare the results with the usual continuity equation. Although the PISA method has been used extensively for the quantitative measurement of regurgitant severity and valve area in patients with valvular regurgitation and steno...

STUDY OBJECTIVES The Venn diagram of obstructive lung disease (OLD) has been recently quantified. We aimed to quantify the proportion of the general population with OLD, and the intersections of physician-diagnosed asthma, chronic bronchitis (CB), and emphysema in two Italian general population samples, in relationship to airflow obstruction (AO) determined through spirometry. DESIGN AND PART...

The proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) measurement, also known as the "flow convergence" method, can be used in echocardiography to estimate the area of an orifice through which blood flows. It has many applications, but this review focuses only on its use in the intraoperative evaluation of mitral regurgitation. In that setting, PISA provides a quantitative assessment of the severity of ...

A. Di Virgilio, L. Barsotti, S. Braccini, C. Bradaschia, G. Cella, V. Dattilo , M. Del Prete, I. Ferrante, F. Fidecaro, I. Fiori, F. Frasconi, A. Gennai, A. Giazotto, P. La Penna, G.Losurdo , E. Majorana, M. Mantovani , F. Paoletti, R. Passaquieti, D. Passuello, F. Piergiovanni, A. Porzio, P. Puppo, F. Raffaelli, P. Rapagnani, F. Ricci, S. Solimeno, G. Vajente, F. Vetrano INFN, Sez. di Pisa, Pi...

In this paper a framework, PISA (Pooling Information from Several Agents), to facilitate multiplayer (three or more protagonists), “argumentation from experience” is described. Multiplayer argumentation is a form of dialogue game involving three or more players. The PISA framework is founded on a two player argumentation framework, PADUA (Protocol for Argumentation Dialogue Using Association Ru...

1Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pisa Medical School, Pisa, Italy; 2Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy; 3Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy; 4Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Biology and Genetics, University of Genoa and National Cancer Institute, Genoa, Italy; 5Nuclear Medicine Se...

This paper addresses methodological issues that concern the scaling model used in the international comparison of student attainment in the Programme for International Student Attainment (PISA), specifically with reference to whether PISA's ranking of countries is confounded by model misfit and differential item functioning (DIF). To determine this, we reanalyzed the publicly accessible data on...

In diesem Beitrag wird der Literacyoder Grundbildungsbegriff der PISAStudie auf die Informatik übertragen. Dazu wird eine Unterscheidung in Kompetenzklassen eingeführt, die Arten informatischer Tätigkeit beschreiben. Anhand von Beispiel-Testitems werden diese Kompetenzklassen operationalisiert. 1 Informatik und PISA In jüngster Zeit hat nichts die Bildungslandschaft so sehr aufgerüttelt wie die...

Since the IEA's Third International Mathematics and Science Study, one of the major objectives of international surveys in education has been to report trends in achievement. The names of the two current IEA surveys reflect this growing interest: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS). Similarly a central concer...