For the past 5 years, cultures and subcultures of excised lemon fruit tissue have been maintained in Kimble screw-cap vials (60957, no. 2-2k4), the vials being hermetically sealed with rubber-lined plastic screw caps, size 24 (Kordan, Nature 198: 867, 1963). Under these conditions, the only oxygen available to the excised tissue was that present within the vials at the time of tissue implantati...

Academics’ and practitioners’ interest in sustainable supply chain management has received great concern in recent years. The application of biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) plastic film has had a significant influence on the economic, environmental and social performance of supply chain management. However, research on the integration of these three sustainable dimensions is still rare ...

A 2-year field experiment was conducted on maize (Zea mays L.) to explore effective ways to decrease soil CO2 emissions and increase grain yield. Treatments established were: (1) no mulching with urea, (2) no mulching with controlled release fertiliser (CRF), (3) transparent plastic-film mulching (PMt) with urea, (4) PMt with CRF, (5) black plastic-film mulching (PMb) with urea, and (6) PMb wit...

The counter electrodes (CEs) for flexible dye solar cells (DSCs) are normally prepared by sputtering platinum on indium tin oxide (ITO) plastic substrate. However both ITO and platinum are expensive materials that need to be replaced with cheaper alternatives in large scale production of low-cost DSCs. We fabricated a flexible and completely carbon-based CE for DSCs based on electropolymerized ...

Interest in organic and polymer light-emitting devices (OLEDs and PLEDs) has exploded in recent years, in part because of the ability to create these devices on flexible plastic substrates. This is advantageous in producing wearable or lightweight displays, as well as utilizing low-cost roll-to-roll processing techniques. For the first time, we present crystalline refractory inorganic thin film...

Amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film transistors (TFT’s) were fabricated on free-standing, clear plastic substrates with a maximum process temperature of up to 250°C. An a-Si TFT backplane for active matrix OLED (AMOLED) application was also made on such substrates. The performance of both the TFT’s and the AMOLED backplane are excellent. These results will enable the fabrication of flexible AMLC...