The subthalamic nucleus (STN) directly innervates the output structures of the basal ganglia, playing a key role in basal ganglia function. It is therefore important to understand the regulatory mechanisms for the activity of STN neurons. In the present study, we aimed to investigate how the intrinsic membrane properties of STN neurons interact with their synaptic inputs, focusing on their gene...

the iranian plateau is characterized by diverse tectonic domains, including the continental collisions (e.g. the zagros and alborz mountains) and oceanic plate subduction (e.g. makransubduction zone). to derive a detailed image of the crust–mantle (moho) and lithosphere–asthenosphere (lab) boundaries in some tectonically units of the iranian plateau, we used a large number of s receiver functio...

background: hadron therapy for malignant tumor is becoming increasingly popular. there are many factors which effect on implementation of a proper treatment planning. the purpose of this work is to investigate the inhomogeneity effects as affecting factor on proton range, full width at half maximum (fwhm) and 20% position of penumbra (p20) by mcnpx code. materials and methods: an inhomogeneous ...

Plateau iris is characterized by closing the anterior chamber angle due to a large ciliary body or due to its anterior insertion that alters the position of iris periphery in respect to the trabecular meshwork. There are two aspects that need to be differentiated: plateau iris configuration and plateau iris syndrome. The first describes a situation when the iris root is flat and the anterior ch...

RATIONALE It is challenging to visualize and reduce a posterolateral tibial plateau fracture through an anterolateral approach as the tibial plateau fragments are often covered by the fibular head and ligamentous structures. PATIENT CONCERNS In this case report, we describe a patient with a depression fracture of the posterolateral quadrant combined with a split fracture of the posteromedial ...

Bursting electrical activity is ubiquitous in excitable cells such as neurons and many endocrine cells. The technique of fast/slow analysis, which takes advantage of time scale differences, is typically used to analyze the dynamics of bursting in mathematical models. Two classes of bursting oscillations that have been identified with this technique, plateau and pseudo-plateau bursting, are ofte...

This is the second in a series of two papers on masking. The objective of these papers is to develop a masking protocol that provides valid measures of threshold and is, in general, faster than the plateau method. In the first paper, a masking method was presented that can replace the traditional plateau method in most masking situations. This new method is optimized to require fewer masking le...

Focal activation of glutamate receptors in distal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal cells triggers voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channel-mediated plateau potentials that are confined to the stimulated dendrite. We examined the role of dendritic K(+) conductances in determining the amplitude, duration, and spatial compartmentalization of plateau potentials. Manipulations that blocked SK-type Ca(2+)-...

PURPOSE To distinguish the frequently misdiagnosed plateau iris eyes from pupillary block group and normal group, we compared the ocular biometrical parameters of them by A-scan ultrasongraphy. METHODS In total, we retrospectively reviewed general characteristics and ocular findings including ocular biometric measurements of 71 normal, 39 plateau iris, and 83 pupillary block eyes. RESULTS T...

Convective variability at submonthly timescales (7–20 days) over the Tibetan Plateau and the associated large-scale atmospheric circulation and convection were examined over regions affected by the Asian Monsoon. The mature phase of the Asian summer monsoon (July–August) was analyzed for those years (1986, 93, 98) in which convective variability on timescales of 14 days was notable over the Tib...