let $g$ be a non-abelian group of order $p^n$‎, ‎where $nleq 5$ in which $g$ is not extra special of order $p^5$‎. ‎in this paper we determine the maximal size of subsets $x$ of $g$‎ ‎with the property that $xyneq yx$ for any $x,y$ in $x$ with‎ ‎$xneq y$‎.

let $g$ be a non-abelian group of order $p^n$‎, ‎where $nleq 5$ in which $g$ is not extra special of order $p^5$‎. ‎in this paper we determine the maximal size of subsets $x$ of $g$‎ ‎with the property that $xyneq yx$ for any $x,y$ in $x$ with‎ ‎$xneq y$‎.

The determination of trace elements using stripping voltammetry may be seriously affected by the presence of intensive matrix background or interfering peaks, leading to poorer detection limits and/or inaccurate quantitative results. In this work, we have tested the use of signal transformation (e.g., second derivative) in the analysis of platinum in seawater and sediment digests by means of ca...

BACKGROUND Atmospheric pollution may play a role in the immune response to allergens either directly or by entering the food chain. While particulate platinum group elements (PLGE) emitted by catalytic converters can be considered biologically inert, approximately 10% of these species accumulate in the environment as bioavailable soluble forms. METHODS We challenged in vitro human immature an...

Introduction: The Bosumtwi crater has a diameter of 10.5 km and is located in the center of Ghana in West Africa (6o 30’ N and 1o 25’ W). Its age is 1.05 Ma and it forms a well preserved impact structure with a well defined rim. Its center is occupied by the closed basin of Lake Bosumtwi. The target rock is essentially composed of Proterozoic (2.1 to 2.2 Ga) units of the Birimian Supergroup tha...

To better understand the marine biogeochemistry of the platinum group elements (PGE), Rh(III), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were added in combination and at ppb concentrations to cultures of the marine microalga, Chlorella stigmatophora, maintained in sea water at 15 °C and under 60 μmol m(-2) s(-1) PAR. The accumulation of PGE was established in short-term (24-h) exposures, and under varying conditions o...

School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3YE, UK The largest and most significant type of geological deposit of platinum group elements (PGEs) is that associated with magmatic base metal sulfide minerals in layered mafic or ultramafic igneous intrusions.The common association of PGEs with sulfide minerals is a result of processes of magmati...

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area (China) were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements (PGEs). The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction (150 microm) were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations of Pt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 a...

The emission of platinum-group elements (PGEs) from catalytic converters has led to increased environmental abundances of Pt, Pd, and Rh; however, little is known about the environmental effects and fate of these metals. Organic ligands found in soils have the potential to increase the mobility of PGEs and potentially increase the bioavailability of the metals. Here, we assessed the abilities o...