The traditional use of essential oils in aromatherapy has offered numerous health benefits. However, few scientific studies have been conducted with these oils to confirm their therapeutic efficacy. (+)-Limonene is a chemical constituent of various bioactive essential oils. The present study reports on the anxiolytic-like effects of (+)-limonene in an elevated maze model of anxiety in mice. At ...

To study anxiolytic and antidepressant effect of Astaxanthin as an adjuvant to standard drug.In this study, to investigate the effects of astaxanthin on anxiety and depression,we performed some behavioural trials including elevated plus maze test, hole-board test, forced swim test, and tail suspension test.Astaxanthin ( 3 mg/kg/day for 15 days, orally) significantly increased the time spent in ...

Female hooded-Lister rats received either sub-chronic phencyclidine (PCP) (2 mg/kg, n=20) or vehicle (1 ml/kg, n=20) i.p. twice daily for seven days, followed by a sevenday washout period. Rats were challenged with acute PCP or vehicle and tested for locomotor activity to ensure hyperactivity was observed in the sub-chronic PCP treated rats. Rats were then tested on the elevated plus maze and i...

According to Gray [The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Functions of the Septo-hippocampal System, Oxford University Press, New York, 1982], the hippocampus and the septum act in concert to control anxiety. We found that micro-infusion of midazolam into the dorsal hippocampus increased rats' open-arm exploration in the elevated plus-maze. Co-infusion of L-glutamate into the septu...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate, by means of a temporal pattern analysis, rat’s behavior in the elevated plus maze test. A specific software called THEME has been used. On the basis of an ethogram encompassing 24 behavioral elements, results demonstrated that 14 components represented the 98% of the displayed activities. 145 different temporal patterns have been detected; length di...

Background and Objective: The medicinal plant Origanum vulgare. subsp. vulgare in the Lamiaceae family has been widely used by Iranian people for the treatment of respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurologic disorders. The present study was carried out to evaluate possible anxiolytic effects of aqueous extract of O. vulgare leaves and the flowering branches in rats.Materials and Methods: Anxiol...

α-Galycoceramide (α-Galcer) or the common name of krn7000 is an α-gelasphin derivative. The α-Galcer structure consists of a galactose combined with a ceramide in an α-configuration. Social isolation (SI) has been linked with enhanced inflammation, through modifications in transcriptional pathways linked with glucocorticoid, to stress. Our hypothesis is to investigate mediatory role of glucocor...

   The aim of the present study was to synthesis a series of phthalimides based on our previous works and examine their anxiolytic properties. Using a three steps process, phthalimides were prepared from the corresponding di-methyl phthalate derivatives. Phthalic anhydride was nitrated to produce 3-nitrophthalic acid. Ring closer of either 3-nitrophthalic acid or di-methyl phthalate with urea w...

α-galycoceramide (α-galcer) or the common name of krn7000 is an α-gelasphin derivative. the α-galcer structure consists of a galactose combined with a ceramide in an α-configuration. social isolation (si) has been linked with enhanced inflammation, through modifications in transcriptional pathways linked with glucocorticoid, to stress. our hypothesis is to investigate mediatory role of glucocor...