This section describes how I convert the cost sharing formula in Table 1 into actual monthly outof-pocket health expenditures in Table 2. Ideally, I would like to have access to information on actual out-of-pocket expenditures at the individual level (like Medical Expenditure Panel Survey in the US). In the absence of such data, I attempt to derive the same. Fortunately, I know the exact formul...

OBJECTIVE To identify the main drivers of costs of facility delivery and the financial consequences for households among rural women in Tanzania, a country with a policy of delivery fee exemptions. METHODS We selected a representative sample of households in a rural district in western Tanzania. Women who given birth within 5 years were asked about payments for doctor's/nurse's fees, drugs, n...

INTRODUCTION The tobacco use among the youth, in both smoking and smokeless forms, is quite high in the South East Asian region. Tobacco use is a major proven risk factor and contributes substantially to the rising epidemic of non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and determine associated factors among adolescent students of Dharan municipality. DES...

This paper analyses the effect of wealth status on care-seeking patterns and health expenditures in Afghanistan, based on a national household survey conducted within public health facility catchment areas. We found high rates of reported care-seeking, with more than 90% of those ill seeking care. Sick individuals from all wealth quintiles had high rates of care-seeking, although those in the w...

PURPOSE The number of elders in institutions has increased as family supporting systems have changed in Korea. The purpose of this study were to understand the life satisfaction among elders in institutions and to identify the factors influencing on life satisfaction. METHODS The instruments used were Yun(1982)'s scale modified Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale for Happiness(MUNSH) in...

BACKGROUND Protecting households from risk of impoverishment due to out-of-pocket costs in health care is a major challenge for health systems. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating some health expenditure of inpatient and outpatient care as well as assessing the predictors of catastrophic costs for inpatient care in one of central provinces of Iran. METHODS In this cross-sectional study,...

UNLABELLED BACKROUND/AIM: Adolescence is the period of greatest risk of starting to use substances: cigarette smoking, alcohol and illicit drugs. In the first decade of this millennium substance use among adolescents has increased. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of substances use among adolescents and its correlation with social and demographic factors. METHODS The study ...

Saving is the first step in facing a better future for prosperous life. To achieve this goal, from an early age, it if children who are studying elementary school or kindergarten taught to like save money. You don't need lot of money savings place, but only enough set aside smallest nominal, example Rp. 500, - (five hundred rupiah) because according research (Furnham, 1999) that more than 80% c...

BACKGROUND This paper examines socio-economic and geographic differences in payment and payment coping mechanisms for health services in southeast Nigeria. It shows the extent to which the poor and rural dwellers disproportionally bear the burden of health care costs and offers policy recommendations for improvements. METHODS Questionnaires were used to collect data from 3071 randomly selecte...