Stingless bee-collected pollen (bee bread) is a mixture of bee pollen, salivary enzymes, and regurgitated honey, fermented by indigenous microbes during storage in the cerumen pot. Current literature data for bread overshadowed particularly honeybee Apis. In regions such as South America, Australia, Southeast Asia, information on stingless mainly sought to promote meliponiculture industry socio...

A and Theodoulou, FL (2007) The COMATOSE ATP-binding cassette transporter is required for full fertility in arabidopsis. BBSRC of the UK. The metabolite analysis performed at the Max-Planck–Institute was supported by a grant from the Minerva foundation to AF. 4 ABSTRACT COMATOSE (CTS) encodes a peroxisomal ABC transporter required not only for β-oxidation of storage lipid during germination and...

The honey bee genome predicts approximately 100 peptides from 36 prohormones, but the functions of many of these peptides are unknown. We used differential isotope labeling combined with mass spectrometric analysis to quantify approximately 50% of known bee brain peptides in the context of foraging, with 8 showing robust and dynamic regulation. Some showed differences in brain abundance as a fu...

Background: Due to its nutrient content, a variety of spoilage microorganisms can grow in bee pollen, especially when handling practices are not appropriate. So, this survey was designed to assess the physicochemical and microbiological properties of bee pollen collected from Bulgaria. Methods: In June 2014, 13 fresh and 19 dried bee pollen samples were collected from Bulgaria. Water activity ...

Neonicotinoid residues in nectar and pollen from crop plants have been implicated as one of the potential factors causing the declines of honey bee populations. Median residues of thiamethoxam in pollen collected from honey bees after foraging on flowering seed treated maize were found to be between 1 and 7 µg/kg, median residues of the metabolite CGA322704 (clothianidin) in the pollen were bet...

Pollen viability and its germination capability for fruit set in are almond and peach essential. To optimize the pollen culture medium of almond and peach and selection of best medium, the present study was carried out with 48 different culture media containing different compositions including diverse levels of boric acid (0 and 100mg/1), calcium nitrate (0,150and300mg/l،), magnesium sulphate (...

Low seed yield is a limiting factor for cross breeding and hybrid seed production in cyclamen. This study was performed to investigate pollen germination and its relation to cross-pollination success and fruit set in this plant. In order to achieve a high level of pollen germination, the effect of different concentrations of chemical compounds were examined on in vitro pollen germination of cyc...

apricot belongs to the rosaceae family and is considered as an economically important fruit among others. irregular bearing is a shortcoming in apricot production which is partly due to its limited ecological adaptation. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature prior to flowering stage on some characteristics as related to flowering organs. in two consecutive years, s...