MOST PEOPLE AGREE that stock prices sometimes behave in strange ways. Going beyond this simple observation typically proves more difficult. For at least the past quarter century, economists have been well aware that the variation of stock prices does not nicely match the familiar bell-shaped normal distribution.1 The problem is too many extreme movements. Very large increases or decreases would...

the islamic period of the iranian history suggests that the development of the shiite art is an outcome of a continuous interaction and struggle between the political systems dominated in iran and the shiite beliefs system. historically, the situation of the shiite, as a resistance movement, has gradually changed to an established religion with its own theology. in other words, when the shiite ...

Using fillers for aesthetic corrections purposes are becoming more and more popular amongst patients due to its less invasive nature compared to surgery. A 46-year old female patient said after her first baby born, she lost the perkiness and fullness of the breasts. Then she injected her breasts with baby oil found at home with a syringe with about 200 cc for each breast and she was quite conte...

Hearing Loss (HL) represents high genetic heterogeneity with an incidence of almost 1 out of 500 newborns in most populations. Approximately half of the cases have a genetic basis that most of them are autosomal recessive non-syndromic (ARNSHL) with DFNB1-related defect in many worldwide populations. Given the heterogeneity of the trait together with the unique infrastructure of Iranian populat...

This country has had significant history in the area of Eugenics. The 1920’s and 30’s were a time where Eugenics was apart of the popular culture. Everything from church sermons to Saturday night cinemas and even state fair family contests advocated the eugenic ideology of immigration restriction, race segregation and sterilization of those considered to be inferior and infiltrating the “fit” p...

BACKGROUND Chronic pain can be associated with limitations in patient function. Assessment of pain-related limitations is one of the important outcome domains that should be considered when designing chronic pain clinical trials. Although a validated instrument for the assessment of pain-related disability in Iranian chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients exists, to date there is no psychometric...

BACKGROUND Previous studies revealed that the immune responses of depressed patients can be affected by alteration of immune system factors; however, the immune genes mainly influenced are yet to be fully understood. Therefore, the main aim of present study was to identify serum levels of drastic inflammatory cytokines including IL-17A, IL-12, and IL-6 as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL...