Striving for photorealism, texture mapping and its more advanced variations, bump and displacement mapping, have all become fundamental tools in computer graphics. Recently, the introduction of programmable graphics hardware has enabled the employment of displacement mapping in real-time applications. While displacement mapping facilitates the actual modification of the underlying geometry, it ...

to understand the relationship between natural physicochemical properties of soil and abundance of citrus root nematode (tylenchulus semipenetrans), a survey was conducted during 2009-2010 in some 37 citrus orchards, in kohgilouyeh va boyerahmad province, iran. distribution of the citrus nematode was determined by collecting random samples from the soil and citrus plant roots, extracting and en...

Invasive species are one of the greatest drivers biodiversity loss worldwide, and eradication invasive from islands is a highly efficient management strategy. Because operations require large financial investments, uncertainty over magnitude impacts both their removal can impede willingness decision makers to invest in eradication. Such prevalent for long-lived that display an inherent lag betw...