in the previous two parts of educational manuscript series in emergency, we explained some screening characteristics of diagnostic tests including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values. in the 3rd  part we aimed to explain positive and negative likelihood ratio (lr) as one of the most reliable performance measures of a diagnostic test. to better underst...

as a culture-based phenomenon which involves both linguistic and social aspects, translation has beeninvestigated from various perspectives. the present critical discourse analysis (cda)-based study isan attempt to probe into the manipulation of ideologies in translations of political texts. a cda approach,based on fairclough (1989), van dijk (2004) and farahzad (2007), was adopted to conductth...

background: gastroesophageal reflux (ger), defined as passage of gastric contents into the esophagus, and ger disease (gerd), defined as symptoms or complications of ger, are common pediatric problems. the value of commonly used diagnostic tests for ger is examined to define the most sensitive and specific test that is the least invasive as well. materials and methods: we conducted this cross s...

abstract:purpose:this study was designed determine the efficacy of bupropion versus placebo in subjects with negative symptoms of schizophrenia.methods:a convenience sample of 40 patients of both genders aged 18-60 years who were living in psychiatric care centers were randomly treated with bupropion (started with 75 mg twice a day; increased to 100 mg thrice daily) or placebo. the diagnosis of...

introduction: a number of research studies have shown that the new generation of neuroleptic medications can more effectively contribute to treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia compared with the first generation by influence cognitive functioning. the present study examined the therapeutic effectiveness of manufactured risperidone and haloperidol in iran on treating the negative symptoms...