This paper proposes a low-current reference circuit for power-aware LSI applications. The circuit consists of two current generation subcircuits which are based on β-multiplier circuit, one with a positive and the other with a negative temperature coefficient. The variation of the reference current in a sample circuit designed to produce a current of 230 nA can be kept very small within ±1.3% i...

Drops of molten silicon surrounded by a SiO2–BaO–CaO flux were undercooled at 350 K below their melting temperature. This undercooling is 75 K greater than the largest one reported so far for bulk silicon. To account for this result as well as the nucleation data from laser-melted thin films, classical nucleation theory requires a crystal-melt interfacial tension with a positive temperature coe...

We studied the thermal diffusion behavior of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAM) in ethanol in a temperature range from T = 14.0 degrees C to T = 40.0 degrees C by means of thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering. The obtained Soret coefficient S(T) of PNiPAM was positive for lower temperatures (T < 34 degrees C), while S(T) showed a negative value for higher temperatures (T > 34 degrees ...

Introduction: The prevalence of infectious diseases varies depending on the type of micro-organism involved. Viral diseases can spread rapidly among communities, due to the specific characteristics of the virus. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a new member of the coronavirus family that has caused rapid epidemics and affected the health and economy of the countries. The aim of this study...

Measurements of particle flows driven by temperature gradients are conducted as a function of temperature on aqueous suspensions of polystyrene nanoparticles and proteins of T4 lysozyme and mutant variants of T4 lysozyme. The thermodiffusion coefficients are measured using a microfluidic beam deflection technique on suspensions with particle concentrations on the order of 1 vol %. At T < or ~ 2...

Polycrystalline Bi films were deposited onto p-GaAs~100! by electrochemical deposition. Annealing resulted in the formation of large grains with a preferred @012# orientation. The p-GaAs/Bi junctions were rectifying and the barrier height and ideality factor decreased with increasing film thickness. For films greater than 0.5 mm in thickness, the barrier height was about 0.56 eV and the idealit...

characteristics of efficient roof shape is a part of configuration of efficient architecture which seems to be an ideal in contemporary architecture especially in contemporary architecture of developing countries such as iran. this study is to investigate two roof shapes in view of air flow and indoor-temperature to find efficient roofs shapes for residential buildings in tehran. computational ...