Crown rot is one of the main important fungal diseases affecting wheat in many areas of the world, including Australia, USA, and Iran. Until now, there had been no report of this pathogen in Iraq. Plants displaying crown rot symptoms were observed in Shaat Alarab (Basra, Iraq); we investigated the causal agent of the disease. Samples were surface-sterilized in bleach (1% available chlorine...

6LS is a multi-purpose potato variety released in 2006 by the USDA-ARS and the agricultural experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. This variety is midto late maturing, and produces high yields of oblong, medium-russeted tubers with high specific gravity. It is resistant to sugar ends, tuber malformations, and most external and internal defects. It possesses a high level of PVYo a...

In this study, we characterized sporadically occurring sclerotium rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii in Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum Roth.) in farm fields in Sacheon, Korea. The initial symptom of the disease was water-soaked, which progressed to rotting, wilting, blighting, and eventually death. Further, mycelial mats spread over the lesions near the soil line, and sclerotia formed on the sca...

Bacterial antagonists are effective as an alternative to synthetic bactericides in the control of potato soft rot. The use bioagents reduces application bactericides, which harmful humans and environment. However, mechanisms some bioagents, such fungi bacteria, not yet understood. This paper reviews current situation rot, biological controls, antagonistic their mechanisms, strategies future dir...

N-Acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecules by many Gram-negative bacteria. We have reported that Microbacterium testaceum StLB037, which was isolated from the leaf surface of potato, has AHL-degrading activity. In this study, we cloned the aiiM gene from the genomic library of StLB037, which has AHL-degrading activity and shows high homology with the alpha/beta...

develop, the intrinsic microflora are either absent or, more likely, present at a very low titer. If they are present at a low level, they will not cause carrots to rot before the nematodes have increased, and they can be eliminated from the nematodes by surface-sterilization. Pratylenchus vulnus was originally obtained from around Juglans hindsii Jepson rootstock in a walnut orchard, and has b...

Potato genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) were expressed in response to pathogen, elicitor, and wounding. HMGR catalyzes the rate-limiting step in isoprenoid biosynthesis leading to accumulation of phytoalexins and steroid glycoalkaloids. Wounding caused increases in HMGR mRNA levels. A rapid and transient peak occurred 30 minutes after wounding, followed by a...

Defense against pests and pathogens is a fundamental process controlled by similar molecular mechanisms in all flowering plants. Using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, steps of the signal transduction pathways that link pathogen recognition to defense activation have been identified and corresponding genes have been characterized. Defense signaling (DS) genes are functional candidates for contr...

Potato crop in Egypt occupies 20% of the total area devoted for vegetable plantations and any disturbance in its production affects severely its local and export impact. Brown rot disease on potato is the most cereous disease affecting potato exportation. Therefore, competing such disease is an obligate practice to control the pathogenic causal bacterium. Biological control became recently an e...