polarization for au/pb(zr ti )o /yba cu o ferroelectric capacitor has been studied and measured by pulse method. a sequence of pulses with amplitudes varying from 0 to 10 volts in 2 volt steps is applied and a conventional polarization curve is obtained by integrating the charge flow from the polarization switching induced by the voltage ramp. a value of 25?c/cm2 is measured for the saturated p...

A sensor probe involving a copper reference electrode was developed for corrosion diagnosis（CCD）in fresh water. Electrochemical measurements are often employed CCD in three-electrode system. In such cases, commercial glass electrodes used electrochemical measurements. Because the repeated use of water with different compositions degrades electrode, maintenance-free is necessary fieldwork CCD. t...

introduction: the human skin is an active medium from the optical point of view. therefore, the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques employing light are increasing. current optical techniques are based on the measurement of the intensity of reflected absorbed or backscattered light from or within skin. studies have shown that biological tissues, and in particular skin, demonstrate polarization...

Nickel-based and cobalt-based metal alloys are frequently used in dentistry. The introduction of various elements the alloy changes its characteristics, a thorough study each should be completed to determine appropriate corrosion resistance biocompatibility contact with physiological fluids. There scarce investigations on these widely dental Ringer solution, findings this research bring new exp...

The atmospheric corrosion of weathering steels varies as a function geographic zone, season, and other environmental variables related to that region which the experiments have been done. Meanwhile, rusting is continuous process, it main product corrosion. current study investigates effects rust on steel in localized Digha, sea resort West Bengal, India. investigations performed by purposely ac...

Among the alternative host materials for solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), polycarbonates have recently shown promising functionality in all-solid-state lithium batteries from ambient to elevated temperatures. While the computational and experimental investigations of ion conduction in conventional polyethers have been extensive, the ion transport in polycarbonates has been much less studied. ...

Platinum stability: Dissolution of Pt, which is one major degradation mechanism in, for example, hydrogen/air fuel cells, was monitored under potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions. The highly sensitive and time-resolving dissolution monitoring enables the distinction between anodic and cathodic dissolution processes during potential transient and chronoamperometric experiments, and the ...

OBJECTIVES The commonly used Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) archwires in orthodontic treatment are often exposed to fluoride-containing mouthwashes. The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate and compare the corrosion resistance of three commercially available NiTi archwires exposed to 0.05 wt% and 0.2 wt% fluoride mouthwashes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three different types of NiTi archwires, 0.016″...

A two-dimensional continuous Pt island network was successfully synthesized by pulse-potentiostatic electrodeposition on a flat silicon substrate, which showed markedly enhanced catalytic activity toward methanol electrooxidation and high CO tolerance, probably due to the synergistic effect of the Pt island catalyst and surrounding SiO(2) surface layer.