The load generated during train operation is transmitted to sleepers through rails, and then from trackbeds. As one of the important components track structure, are very service-life safety railways. running speed will produce different frequencies on rails. To explore response under cyclical loads, this research used discrete element method simulate rails sleepers, realizes loading by applying...

This paper summarizes the results of laboratory tests in which authors investigated effects extremely high vertical load to a railway track segment. The segment consisted cut concrete sleeper (contact area: 290×390 mm) with pair direct-elastic rail fasteners; pieces had standard, full height; structure typical 350 mm depth ballast, underneath approx. 200 sandy gravel supplementary layer. whole ...

Dendritic cells comprise a system of highly efficient antigen-presenting cells involved in the initiation of T cell responses. Herein, we investigated the role of the CD28 pathway during alloreactive T cell proliferation induced by dendritic-Langerhans cells (D-Lc) generated by culturing human cord blood CD34+ progenitor cells with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necr...

Concrete sleepers have been widely used throughout the world as an alternative for timber sleepers. In North America, heavy-haul railroads have increased their use of concrete sleepers in recent years for a variety of factors. According to an international survey conducted by researchers at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), railroad industry representatives consider center ...

this paper presents an experimental study on seismic repair of damaged square reinforced concrete columns with poor lap splices, 90-degree hooks and widely spaced transverse bars in plastic hinge regions according to aci detailing (pre.1971) and (318-02) using gfrp wraps. three specimens were tested in “as built” condition and retested after they were repaired by glass fiberreinforced plastic s...