CKD is associated with a complex state of immune dysfunction characterized by immune depression, predisposing patients to infections, and immune activation, resulting in inflammation that associates with higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Physical exercise may enhance immune function and exert anti-inflammatory effects, but such effects are unclear in CKD. We investigated the separate effec...

Abstract Metabolic acidosis (MA) may play a key role in the pathogenesis of protein‐energy wasting (PEW) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). To present comprehensive synthesis effect oral sodium bicarbonate (SB) supplementation on anthropometric measures CKD, systematic review was undertaken PubMed/MEDLINE, Web Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Google Scholar, relevant articles published p...

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a progressive loss of renal function over a period of months or years through five stages. Free radicals are formed in all living organisms during normal cell metabolism. Patients with chronic renal failure who are regulary dialysed are candidates for free radical damage. The aim of this study was to explore the role of decreased renal function on resistin ...

The term renal osteodystrophy describes the pathological changes in bone structure in chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, this term fails to describe adequately the adverse changes in mineral and hormonal metabolism in CKD that have grave consequences for patient survival. CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a broader, newly defined term that should be used instead of renal osteodystr...

Patients with CKD are at high risk for adverse safety events because of the complexity of their care and impaired renal function. Using data from our observational study of predialysis patients with CKD enrolled in the Safe Kidney Care study, we estimated the baseline frequency of adverse safety events and determined to what extent these events co-occur. We examined patient-reported adverse saf...

BACKGROUND Malnutrition is one common adverse consequence in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and most patients have a lower-than-normal dietary energy intake. The present study was undertaken to examine whether orally administered ONCE Renal formula (ORF) supplement would improve energy intake without minerals and electrolytes disturbances in predialysis patients with CKD. ...

BACKGROUND Anaemia is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can be managed by therapy with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs). Epoetin delta (DYNEPO, Shire plc) is the only epoetin produced in a human cell line. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of subcutaneously administered epoetin delta for the management of anaemia in CKD patients (pre...