Software testing is an important part of the development process it consumes a large proportion of the labour resources required to produce a working program. Yet it is not usually possible to show that a program is completely free from faults. Instead, techniques are applied to assess the effectiveness of software testing; they provide confidence in its adequacy and act as a benchmark for its ...

Abstract Background Pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) is considered the most common suffering complication in laryngectomized patients. PCF occurs variably from 10 to 20% and sometimes reaches more than 60%, as a result of combination local systemic factors related poor tissue healing wound breakdown. Development affects restoration normal life after laryngectomy that could potentially lead major...