During pregnancy maternal, body needs enough energy and nutrients to meet the requirement for growth of the fetus and increased body demands of the mother. Malnutrition during pregnancy causes intra-uterine growth retardation and low birth weight deliveries. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal energy and protein intake on the pregnancy outcome. One hundred and ...

AIMS To assess temporal trends in birth weight and pregnancy weight gain in Bavaria from 2000 to 2007. METHODS Data on 695,707 mother and infant pairs (singleton term births) were available from a compulsory reporting system for quality assurance, including information on birth weight, maternal weight at delivery and at booking, maternal smoking, age, and further anthropometric and lifestyle ...

BACKGROUND Pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain (GWG) are important factors in both maternal and infant outcomes. Little information is available in relation to different levels of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and body weight gain on obstetric outcomes in Taiwan. This study investigated the associations between pregnancy complications with pre-pregnant BMI and GWG, in Taiwane...

PURPOSE Excess weight gain during pregnancy is a serious health concern among young pregnant women in the US. This study aimed to characterize young women at highest risk for gaining over the recommended amount of weight during pregnancy. METHODS Using a database that is representative of births in large U.S. cities, The Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, we identified mothers of sin...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the impact of excess pregnancy weight gain and failure to lose weight by 6 months postpartum on excess weight 8-10 years later. METHODS Seven hundred ninety-five women were observed through pregnancy and 6 months postpartum to examine factors that affect weight loss. Weight was recorded 10 years later through a medical record review to examine the impact of retained weig...

BACKGROUND It is relatively less known whether pre-pregnancy obesity and excess gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with caesarean delivery, pregnancy complications, preterm birth, birth and placenta weights and increased length of postnatal hospital stay. METHODS We used a population-based cohort of 6632 women who gave birth in Brisbane, Australia, between 1981 and 1983. The indepen...

BACKGROUND Being overweight is an important risk factor for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Weight change between pregnancies has been suggested to be an independent mechanism behind GDM. We assessed the risk for GDM in second pregnancy by change in Body Mass Index (BMI) from first to second pregnancy and whether BMI and gestational weight ...

background: the greatest pressure in the physiological life of women is caused during pregnancy due to the occurrence of most important changes in their biological status. weight gain considered as one of the valid indicators of proper nutrition during pregnancy which is evaluated by body mass index (bmi). the aim of this study was to compare the effect of nutrition education program based on h...