Adoption of nongenetic offspring occurs in a variety of species but is rare in equids. We report a case of adoption by a free-ranging, feral mare Equus caballus and compare the maternal care received by her genetic offspring (born 1995) to that of her adopted offspring (born 1996) for the first 30 weeks of development. We compare five measures of care: (1) total time spent suckling, (2) mare ag...

A new energy aware routing protocol to optimize energy consumption and prolong network lifetime for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) had been proposed in this paper. Cluster based routing techniques like the conventional Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) are used to achieve scalable solutions and extend the network lifetime until the last node dies. Improved Energy Efficient LEACH...

LEACH is the most popular clastering algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). However, it has two main drawbacks, including random selection of cluster heads, and direct communication of cluster heads with the sink. This paper aims to introduce a new centralized cluster-based routing protocol named LEACH-AEC (LEACH with Adaptive Energy Consumption), which guarantees to generate balanced cl...

A new energy aware routing protocol to optimize energy consumption and prolong network lifetime for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) had been proposed in this paper. Cluster based routing techniques like the conventional Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) are used to achieve scalable solutions and extend the network lifetime until the last node dies. Improved Energy Efficient LEACH...

Tiny sensor nodes with limited energy sources and connected wirelessly are widely used for real time applications. Long distance data transmission towards base station with number of hops reduces overall wireless sensor energy consumption in the network. Here it is propose a dynamic routing protocol with hopping for better energy management as well as reducing delay in packet data transmission....

There is tremendous increase in popularity of WSNs as the sensor network connects the virtual world and physical world together. Sensors nodes can be deployed in hostile environment where there is no access of human beings. Sensor nodes rely on battery power where it becomes a difficult task to replace the battery. So to improve the networks energy is very important task. To overcome this probl...

Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of tiny sensor nodes with sensing, computation and wireless communication capabilities. Now a day, it is finding wide applicability and increasing deployment, as it enables reliable monitoring and analysis of environment. Recent advances in wireless sensor networks have led to many new protocols specifically designed for sensor networks where energy awaren...