In this work we have used a closed system model to derive an analytical equation for the osmotic pressure of two component electrolyte and non-electrolyte solutions. In order to do so, we have used an equation of state, known as the dense system equation of state (DSEOS), for the model system. Based on the model, a new definition is given for the osmotic pressure of a closed system. Good ag...

‎in this paper‎, ‎we present a novel approach for image selective smoothing by the evolution of two paired nonlinear‎ ‎partial differential equations‎. ‎the distribution coefficient in de-noising equation controls the speed of distribution‎, ‎and is‎ ‎determined by the edge-strength function‎. ‎in the previous works‎, ‎the edge-strength function depends on isotropic‎ ‎smoothing of the image‎, ‎...

Estimating active earth pressure accurately is very important when designing retaining wall. Based on the unified strength theory and plane strain assumption, an analytical solution has been developed to determine the active lateral earth pressure distribution on a retaining structure with the inclined cohesive backfill considering the effect of the intermediate principal stress. The solution d...

We calculated the inherent structure of a model melt of zinc ~II! bromide over a wide range of densities. Stable, metastable, and unstable branches were obtained for the zero temperature pressure–volume isotherm of the inherent structure. The pressure–volume isotherm, the void distribution, and the structure factor were used to identify the spinodal, independent of any model equation of state. ...

this paper describes the effects of induced magnetic field and partial slip on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluids in an asymmetric channel. the two dimensional equation of couple stress fluid are simplified by making the assumptions of long wave length and low reynolds number. the exact solutions of reduced momentum equation and magnetic force function have been computed in wave fra...

Strain-induced phase transformations (PTs) under compression and torsion in rotational diamond anvils are simulated using a finite-element approach. Results are obtained for three ratios of yield strengths of lowpressure and high-pressure phases and are compared with those for the compression without torsion from Levitas and Zarechnyy Phys. Rev. B 82 174123 (2010). Various experimental effects ...

A theoretical model of the high-beta equilibrium magnetospheric plasmas was constructed by consistently connecting (anisotropic pressure) Grad–Shafranov equation and Vlasov equation. The used to determine axisymmetric magnetic field for a given magnetization current corresponding pressure tensor. Given field, we distribution function as specific solution equation, using which obtain We need fin...

This paper compares the continuous and discrete viscous adjoint-based automatic aerodynamic optimization. The objective is to study the complexity of the discretization of the adjoint equation for both the continuous and discrete approach, the accuracy of the resulting estimate of the gradient, and its impact on the computational cost to approach an optimum solution. First, this paper presents ...

Perforated fluid distribution pipes have been widely used in agriculture, water supply and drainage, ventilation, the chemical industry, and other sectors. The momentum equation for variable mass flow with a variable exchange coefficient and variable friction coefficient was developed by using the momentum conservation method under the condition of a certain slope. The change laws of the variab...

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