Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting (-1 PRF) is a mechanism that directs elongating ribosomes to shift-reading frame by 1 base in the 5' direction that is utilized by many RNA viruses. Importantly, rates of -1 PRF are fine-tuned by viruses, including Retroviruses, Coronaviruses, Flavivriuses and in two endogenous viruses of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to deliver the correct ratios of ...

Immunity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to Pseudomonas syringae bacteria expressing the effector proteins AvrPto and AvrPtoB requires both Pto kinase and the NBARC-LRR (for nucleotide binding domain shared by Apaf-1, certain R gene products, and CED-4 fused to C-terminal leucine-rich repeats) protein Prf. Pto plays a direct role in effector recognition within the host cytoplasm, but the role ...

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) derivative mainly composed of fibrin networks, has been increasingly demonstrated to be effective in wound healing in clinical and pre-clinical animal studies. However, there has still been a concern that major growth factors may significantly be loss from PRF during its preparation through the slow clotting process. To address...

BACKGROUND Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) is a leukocyte and platelet concentrate containing many growth factors. Its potential for hard tissue augmentation as a sole grafting material or in combination with other grafting materials has been investigated in many studies. OBJECTIVE The aim of this histologic study was to evaluate the efficacy of PRF mixed with biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) on b...

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the quality and quantity of bone formation in unilateral maxillary alveolar cleft reconstruction using cone beam computed tomography.   Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 10 non-syndromic patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate within the age group of 9-12 years. The study popul...

(1)H MRS thermometry has been investigated for brain trauma and hypothermia monitoring applications but has not been explored in brain tumours. The proton resonance frequency (PRF) of water is dependent on temperature but is also influenced by microenvironment factors, such as fast proton exchange with macromolecules, ionic concentration and magnetic susceptibility. (1)H MRS has been utilized f...

Background: Dental extraction can initiate a sequence of biological events that may lead to an insufficient bone volume, which compromise implant placement. To minimize loss, alveolar ridge preservation procedures were developed. However, smoking has been shown adversely affect the outcomes procedures. Hence, this clinical study aimed assess ability platelet-rich fibrin maintain volume and its ...

Programmed -1 ribosomal frameshift (-1 PRF) allows for alternative reading frames within one mRNA. First found in several viruses, it is now believed to exist in all kingdoms of life. Strong stimulators for -1 PRF are a heptameric slippery site and an RNA pseudoknot. Here, we present a new algorithm KnotInFrame, for the automatic detection of -1 PRF signals from genomic sequences. It finds the ...