......................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction and Background ........................................................................................................ 6 Overview of the Freight System ..............................................................................................

Public procurement accounts for around 12% of global GDP and 63% expenditures are managed by subnational governments across OECD countries. In Italy, municipalities can impose penalties on contractors breaches contract, example delays in delivery, often leading to suing the municipality local courts, which turn further delay delivery. As such efficiency judiciary have a strong bearing final del...

In this study the technical efficiency was analyzed for four hotels of Teixeira Duarte Group - a renowned Portuguese hotel chain. An ranking established these units using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. This methodology allowed discriminating between measurement error and systematic inefficiencies, enabling identification main inefficiency causes. The results showed that distance to airport highe...

We construct a price-theoretic model of integration decisions and show that these choices may adversely affect consumers, even in the absence of monopoly power in supply and product markets. Integration is costly to implement but is effective at coordinating production decisions. The price of output helps to determine the organizational form chosen: there is an inverted-U relation between the d...

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Six hens pecked a key (Experiment 1) or pushed a door (Experiment 2) to obtain food reinforcement. In both experiments and as an analogue of price changes, the response requirements were varied in two ways: by increasing the number of responses required and by increasing the required force of each response. The two price manipulations (response number and response force) had different effects o...

Conversational recommender systems guide users through a product space, alternatively making concrete product suggestions and eliciting the user’s feedback. Critiquing is a common form of user feedback, where users provide limited feedback at the feature-level by constraining a feature’s value-space. For example, a user may request a cheaper product, thus critiquing the price feature. Usually, ...