Estonia, with a population of 1.3 million, is the smallest country in three Baltic States. As post-soviet country, Estonia over past 30 years has built up new health care system, including pharmaceutical sector. The GDP allocated to cover costs significantly lower compared EU average. Despite this, excelled development digital e-services healthcare at both domestic and international levels. int...

background: primary health care physicians (phcps) are the first in the clinic to detect and help victims of intimate partner violence (ipv). therefore, their attitude and practice toward domestic violence (dv) are important to manage this problem. the aim of current study was to compare the behavior and attitude of phcps about dv versus other health risk factors in tehran, iran.   methods : a ...

when the japanese government adopted western medicine in the late nineteenth century, it left intact the infrastructure of primary care by giving licenses to the existing practitioners and by initially setting the hurdle for entry into medical school low. public financing of hospitals was kept minimal so that almost all of their revenue came from patient charges. when social health insurance (s...

conclusions with regard to the current challenges in iran’s health system, using risk-adjusted capitation as a primary healthcare payment system can lead to useful changes in the health system’s features. however, future research should focus on the development of the risk-adjusted capitation model. background when a country’s health system is faced with fundamental flaws that require the redes...

abstract background: the world health organization emphasizes on integration of sexual health into primary health care services, educating people and health care workers about sexuality, and promoting optimal sexual health. despite the high prevalence of sexual problems, these problems are poorly managed in primary health care services. this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and feas...

BACKGROUND In South Africa, the health service is based on a Primary Health Care (PHC) philosophy with the District Health System (DHS) as the locus of delivery. However eye care services, particularly primary eye care, refractive error and low vision, have not been prioritised accordingly. Hence the aim of the Giving Sight to KwaZulu-Natal (GSKZN) project was to integrate the delivery of eye c...

This article aims to facilitate optimal management of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by providing information on indications, risk factors, referral guidelines, and treatments and to describe techniques to maximize quality of life (QOL) for people with irreversible vision loss. A review of PubMed and other online databases was performed for peer-reviewed English-language a...