Ovarian hormone elevations are associated with enhanced learning/memory. During behavioral estrus or pregnancy, progestins, such as progesterone (P(4)) and its metabolite 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one (3 alpha,5 alpha-THP), are elevated due, in part, to corpora luteal and placental secretion. During 'pseudopregnancy', the induction of corpora luteal functioning results in a hormonal milieu ...

OBJECTIVE To determine modifiable risk factors and incidence of obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASIS) in primiparous women. STUDY DESIGN We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study, using data from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. The population consisted of primiparous women with a vaginal delivery in the time period 2000-2010. Univariable and multivariable logistic regres...

OBJECTIVE To analyze relationship and parenthood in IVF twin couples, IVF singleton couples, and spontaneously pregnant primiparous couples. SETTING Southeast region of Sweden. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. PATIENT(S) In total, 24 women and men who became pregnant with twins, consecutively, and expected their first child in 1997-98 were studied. A control IVF group of 94 singleto...

Reproductive success of females in iteroparous species usually increases early in life, then remains constant or declines. The restraint hypothesis suggests that primiparous females limit their 1st reproduction in order to avoid future costs to survival, reproduction, or both, whereas constraint indicates that primiparous females are limited in their 1st reproductive attempt either because they...

BACKGROUND Striae occur in over 70% of pregnant women and tend to develop after 25 weeks of gestation. Despite the fact that their etiology has not yet been fully understood, it is accepted that a combination of genetic factors, endocrine alterations and mechanical stretching of skin play a significant role. Due to different results reported in the literature, the authors assessed commonly cite...

Postpartum endometritis compromises milk production and fertility in high-producing dairy cows. Infection of the endometrium induces an inflammatory response with secretion of cytokines that lead to polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) influx and bacterial clearance. Considering that only a portion of cows with endometritis is eligible for clinical diagnosis, there is an increasing effort for developi...

The association of birth type (single vs. double) and pregnancy type (single vs. double) with lactation performance and lactation curve was investigated in Holstein cows in Iran. Data of 243298 lactations on 138021 cows in 261 herds collected during January 2000 to December 2012 were used. The average twinning rate was 3.64% and ranged from 1.44% (primiparous) to 5.41% (multiparous). Factors as...

background: p cesarean delivery rates have been increasing throughout the world. parallel to the developments in the world the cesarean rate in turkey has risen to 48.1% in 2013. some of the social factors were related with cesarean births. the purpose of this study was to determine cesarean birth rates and to find out social factors affecting the cesarean birth in primiparous women. methods: t...

The objective of this observational study was to determine the association of exposure to selected bedding types with incidence of subclinical (SM) and clinical mastitis (CM) in primiparous Holstein dairy cows housed in identical pens at a single facility. At parturition, primiparous cows were randomly assigned to pens containing freestalls with 1 of 4 bedding materials: (1) deep-bedded new san...

Multiparous (n = 26) and primiparous (n = 18) Holstein cows were fed prepartum and postpartum total mixed diets that were, or were not, supplemented with a yeast culture (YC) for approximately 23 d prepartum and 56 d postpartum. Multiparous cows supplemented with YC selected a prepartum diet higher in CP than did unsupplemented cows, although prepartum performance of cows of both parities, as a...