Understanding how effort and luck map to observed success or failure can be very difficult. However, people often have to make important judgments about punishments and/or rewards from that vantage point. In an experimental context where this judgment should be very easy to make, we study how effectively principals can punish the low effort of agents while ignoring random information. The innov...

This paper presents an international perspective on successful principals. Data from the International Successful School Principals’ Project, now in its sixth year and presently in eight nations and over sixty schools, along with a critical review of the international literature on successful principals provide the basis for a discussion of both similarities and dissimilarities across nations. ...

Motivated by limitations in today’s host-centric IP network, recent studies have proposed clean-slate network architectures centered around alternate first-class principals, such as content, services, or users. However, much like the host-centric IP design, elevating one principal type above others hinders communication between other principals and inhibits the network’s capability to evolve. T...

Many states have used professional judgment panels to determine the resources schools need to meet certain performance targets. This study initiates a critical study of that method. Using budget simulations with hypothetical schools, we collected the judgments of 45 principals about how school budgets should be allocated and how school resources affect student achievement. We found considerable...

This article is a qualitative study of the practice of leadership in Catholic schools in Australia. Within an interpretivist framework, a multiple case study of six lay principals was employed. Findings suggest that successful leadership in Catholic schools is highly infl uenced by the cultural and spiritual capital that a principal brings to a school, signifying a fundamental importance of app...

Trust Management systems are typically explicit in their assumption that principals are uniquely identifiable. However, the literature has not been as prescriptive concerning the uniqueness of the permissions delegated by principals. Delegation subterfuge may arise when there is ambiguity concerning the uniqueness and interpretation of a permission. As a consequence, delegation chains that are ...

While face-to-face bargaining has proven itself to be extremely efficient in the laboratory, it appears to break down often in the real world. This discrepancy, we assert, is explained by the fact that in the real world face-to-face bargaining is usually conducted not between principals but between the agents of principals. We find a substantial increase in inefficiency when bargaining is condu...

We introduce the concept of a group principal and present a number of different classes of group principals, including threshold-group-principals. These appear to naturally useful concepts for looking at security. We provide an associated epistemic language and logic and use it to reason about anonymity protocols and anonymity services, where protection properties are formulated from the intrud...

Consider interaction of principals where each principal has its own policy and different principals may not trust each other. In one scenario the principals could be pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, biomedical labs and health related government institutions. In another scenario principals could be navy fleets of different and not necessarily friendly nations. In spite of the complexity of i...

The article notes that, sometimes explicitly but always implicitly, the “time management” literature condemns interruptions. The article reports on two studies of interruptions experienced by principals in primary and secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia. Data were gathered via structured, non-participant observations of principals at work. Analysis reveals the frequency, length, sou...