Less know-how is generally available with regard to the presented alternatives than for the traditionally brominated flameretarded printed circuit boards. The available information however shows that the substitution of brominated flame protection in printed circuit boards is both possible and sensible. This is supported by the available information about the substitutes and the by-products of ...

A printed circuit board, or (PCB) is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, track or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated onto anon conductive substrate. The automatic inspection of PCBs serves a purpose which is traditional in computer technology. The purpose is to relieve human inspectors of the tedious and inefficie...

Electrochemical migration (ECM) is the growth of conductive metal filaments on a printed circuit board (PCB) through an electrolyte solution under a DC voltage bias. ECM can cause a reduction in surface insulation resistance (SIR) between adjacent conductors, generate a path of leakage current, and lead to intermittent or catastrophic circuit failures. Solder mask has been widely used on printe...

Sn–Bi alloys are desirable candidates for soldering components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) because of their low melting point and reduced cost. While certain tin–bismuth solders well characterized many new in this family have been developed which need proper characterization. The following study looks at the behavior four different alloys—traditional 42Sn58Bi 42Sn57Bi1Ag two alloys—in sold...

The common printed circuit board (PCB) built of G10 or FR4 glass epoxy materials will easily bend under moderate forces. Almost all processes involved in populating these boards can involve bending the board many times unknowingly. High stresses transmitted to small areas of the board are of greatest concern. Manufacturing efficiencies improved by processing small PCBs as a group of multiple ci...