A new acetylated flavanol, 3,7-O-diacetyl (-)-epicatechin (3), and seven known flavanol derivatives, (-)-epicatechin (1), 3-O-acetyl (-)-epicatechin (2), 3,3',4',5,7-O-pentaacetyl (-)-epicatechin (4), (+)-afzelechin (5), (+)-catechin (6), cinchonain Ib (7), and proanthocyanidin B2 (8), were isolated from the stems and twigs of the mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa and identified. The crude extr...

The phenolic contents of eight in-vitro-cultivated chestnut clones (Castanea sativa Mill. and C. sativa x C. crenata Siebold & Zucc. hybrids) were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The aim of the work was to identify potential phenolic markers of: (i) juvenile or mature state; (ii) topophysical origin; and (iii) rooting capacity. A condensed tannin was detected in mature material ...

background: this study examined the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (gspe) on lipid peroxidation content and activity of tissue antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in diabetic rats. methods: thirty male rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each: control, diabetic and diabetic groups that received 500 mg/kg gspe for 6 w...

Ephedra sinica, an important plant in Chinese traditional medicine, contains a complex mixture of proanthocyanidin oligomers as major constituents; however, only the minor components have been chemically characterized. In this study, oligomers with relatively large molecular weights, which form the main body of the proanthocyanidin fractions, were separated by adsorption and size-exclusion chro...

Among the dramatic changes occurring during grape berry (Vitis vinifera) development, those affecting the flavonoid pathway have provoked a number of investigations in the last 10 years. In addition to producing several compounds involved in the protection of the berry and the dissemination of the seeds, final products of this pathway also play a critical role in berry and wine quality. In this...

Red rice contains pharmacological substances including phenolics, oryzanol, tocotrienol and tocopherol. Recently, red rice extract has been employed as a source of antioxidants for inhibition of tumor growth. This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-invasion effects of red rice extract fractions on cancer cells. It was found that at 100 μg/ml of crude ethanolic extract (CEE), hexane frac...

Flavonoids are important natural products for plant defence and human health. Although almost all the flavonoid pathway genes have been well-documented by biochemical and/or genetic approaches, the role of the Arabidopsis chalcone isomerase-like (CHIL) gene remains unclear. Two chil mutants with a seed colour similar to that of wild-type Arabidopsis have been identified here, but in sharp contr...