Black farmers in America have had a long and arduous struggle to own land and to operate independently. For more than a century after the Civil War, deficient civil rights and various economic and social barriers were applied to maintaining a system where many blacks worked as farm operators with a limited and often total lack of opportunity to achieve ownership and operating independence. Dimi...

The future of energy generation is expected to become increasingly decentralized. Today, many customers are already more than demand units, they also act as energy producers (prosumers) and thus active participants in the energy market. The development of energy cooperatives in recent years undermines this observation. Information and communication technologies (ICT) enable management of energy...

If consumers wholly or partially control a firm with market power they will charge less than the profit maximizing price. Starting at the usual monopoly price, a small price reduction will have a second order effect on profits but a first order effect on consumer surplus. Despite this desirable static result, it has been argued that cooperatives are vulnerable to take-over by outsiders who will...

For countries with small farmers as the main body of agricultural production, green production transformation is crucial to achieve development. Based on prospect theory, this paper builds an evolutionary game model cooperative leading farmers, systematically deduces possible combination different strategies both sides, and puts forward targeted countermeasures for improvement. Finally, simulat...

The purpose of the article is to study foreign experience cooperative movement and, in particular, production cooperatives, effective examples which are proposed be used Ukraine. revealed special characteristics activities cooperatives European countries and Asia America. Arguments favor stimulating development economic crisis, as inherent balance interests owners producers allows achieve their...

Coffee agroecosystems are critical to the success of conservation efforts in Latin America because of their ecological and economic importance. Coffee certification programs may offer one way to protect biodiversity and maintain farmer livelihoods. Established coffee certification programs fall into three distinct, but not mutually exclusive categories: organic, fair trade, and shade. The resul...

BACKGROUND The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) launched the EvidenceNOW Initiative to rapidly disseminate and implement evidence-based cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive care in smaller primary care practices. AHRQ funded eight grantees (seven regional Cooperatives and one independent national evaluation) to participate in EvidenceNOW. The national evaluation examines qua...

In this paper we explore how the modeling of effort as a factor of production affects the relative competitiveness of different economic organizations. We construct a simple model of privately-owned and labor-managed firms to show that the more important the role of effort in production, the greater the differences in the efficiency of the two types of firms even if monitoring is held fixed. Us...

Objective: To analyze the actions of Cooperatives in relation to SDGs context COVID-19 Pandemic. Theoretical framework: For a better understanding research theme question, themes Agenda 2030, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Cooperativism will be briefly substantiated. Method: The study consisted descriptive quantitative research, with application an online questionnaire, via Google For...