This work proposes the Cultural Greedy Ant (CGrAnt) protocol to solve the problem of data delivery in opportunistic and intermittently connected networks referred to as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs). CGrAnt is a hybrid Swarm Intelligence-based forwarding protocol designed to address the dynamic and complex environment of DTNs. CGrAnt is based on: (1) Cultural Algorithms (CA) and Ant Colony Opt...

According to cohen venavi, a classic Hebrew essay by Ekhad Ha-Am, there are two ways of serving God: Priest and Prophet. The priest is a very skilled technician who knows by heart the 613 mitzvahs, and who can slaughter a lamb with due regard to the many rigorous and subtle laws. On the other hand, a prophet is often very clumsy in the day-to-day ritual, and is unable to sacrifice an animal pro...

This document is a product of the Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group and has been reviewed by that group. No objections to its publication as an RFC were raised. This document defines PRoPHET, a Probabilistic Routing Protocol using History of Encounters and Transitivity. PRoPHET is a variant of the epidemic routing protocol for intermittently connected networks that operates by pruning th...

In the early stage of Islam, Prophet Muhammad in the eyes of Meccans was an arch enemy of their lucrative business and a great threat to the religion of their forefathers. To stop his monotheism, they launched their vicious campaign against him, and thus they called him an enraptured poet and ambitious self-seeker; however, the prophet’s peaceful victory over them resulted in the cessation of t...

Economist Frank H. Knight (1885–1972) is commonly credited with defining the distinction between decisions under “risk” (known chance) and decisions under “uncertainty” (unmeasurable probability) in his 1921 book Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. A closer reading of Knight (1921) reveals a host of psychological insights beyond this risk-uncertainty distinction, many of which foreshadow revolutionar...

allameh fadlullah is known as the poet of the jurists and the jurist of the poets. in his diwan (collection of poems), he has addressed a variety of themes, including the prophet’s character. he believes that prophet muhammad was not a mere servant of allah. he was a transmitter of the massage and a connector of god and ummah (the islamic nation), rather than simply a connector of god and an in...